稼働・稼動|かどうkadou[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
稼働稼働 is the most common written form for the meanings “operation,” “running,” “working and earning money,” and “workload.”
稼動稼動 is a less common written variant of 稼働. Learners should recognize it when reading but generally use 稼働 in their own writing.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verboperation (of a machine); running
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbworking (and earning money); workload; activity
- noun, suru verb, intransitive verb, computingdeployment (e.g. to a production environment); release; shipping
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 稼働する（かどうする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 稼働します（かどうします） |
| Negative (nai) | 稼働しない（かどうしない） |
| polite (masen) | 稼働しません（かどうしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 稼働せず・稼働せぬ（かどうせず・かどうせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 稼働した（かどうした） |
| polite (mashita) | 稼働しました（かどうしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 稼働しなかった（かどうしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 稼働しませんでした（かどうしませんでした） |
| Te form | 稼働して（かどうして） |
| Potential | 稼働できる（かどうできる） |
| Passive | 稼働される（かどうされる） |
| Causative | 稼働させる（かどうさせる） |
| Causative passive | 稼働させられる（かどうさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 稼働すれば（かどうすれば） |
| tara | 稼働したら（かどうしたら） |
| Volitional | 稼働しよう（かどうしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 稼働しましょう（かどうしましょう） |
| Imperative | 稼働しろ（かどうしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym作動さどうWrittenWritten term for a machine or device activating, as in 「安全装置が作動」; 「稼働」 suggests continuous operation in production.
- Synonym働くはたらくNeutralTo work or take effect, of people or things; 「稼働」 mostly means machines and facilities running, but also staff labor or a system going into use.
- Related機能きのうNeutralRefers to a function or the role a part plays; 「稼働」 is about machines and facilities actually running.
- Related動くうごくCasualColloquial and the most versatile of these words, covering moving and running; 「稼働」 is the formal term for machines running.
- Antonym停止ていしNeutralStopping of operation or movement; the direct opposite of 「稼働」.
- Antonym休止きゅうしWrittenWritten term for pausing or suspending an activity; the opposite of 「稼働」.
Use 「稼働」 for machines, facilities or systems running, as in 「稼働率」; 「作動」 fits a device activating, 「動く」 casual talk, 「働く」 people working. Opposites: 「停止」, 「休止」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
