稿|こうkou[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verbmanuscript; version; draft
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 稿する（こうする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 稿します（こうします） |
| Negative (nai) | 稿しない（こうしない） |
| polite (masen) | 稿しません（こうしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 稿せず・稿せぬ（こうせず・こうせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 稿した（こうした） |
| polite (mashita) | 稿しました（こうしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 稿しなかった（こうしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 稿しませんでした（こうしませんでした） |
| Te form | 稿して（こうして） |
| Potential | 稿できる（こうできる） |
| Passive | 稿される（こうされる） |
| Causative | 稿させる（こうさせる） |
| Causative passive | 稿させられる（こうさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 稿すれば（こうすれば） |
| tara | 稿したら（こうしたら） |
| Volitional | 稿しよう（こうしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 稿しましょう（こうしましょう） |
| Imperative | 稿しろ（こうしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym原稿げんこうWrittenWritten/formal prose. The everyday word for a manuscript or copy, especially one submitted to a publisher; 「稿」 alone is rare.
- Synonym草案そうあんWrittenWritten/formal prose. A first draft, typically of a bill or plan, as in 「憲法草案」.
- Synonym草稿そうこうWrittenWritten/formal prose. An unfinished, unfinalized draft of a text, as in 「講演の草稿」.
- Synonym下書きしたがきNeutralNeutral and common in speech. A rough draft made to be written out fair afterwards; the usual spoken choice.
- Synonym下書げしょWrittenWritten/formal prose and rare. Same meaning as 「下書き」 but old-fashioned.
- Synonym手稿しゅこうWrittenWritten/formal prose. A manuscript written in the author's own hand, such as a writer's holograph.
- Related原案げんあんWrittenWritten/formal prose. The plan or bill as originally proposed, as in 「原案通り可決」.
- Related起草きそうFormalFormal. The act of drafting a document; only a related concept, since 「稿」 is the written piece itself.
- Related素案そあんWrittenWritten/formal prose. A rough preliminary draft of a plan, as in 「素案をまとめる」.
- Related文案ぶんあんWrittenWritten/formal prose and rare. A draft of a document's text, stressing the wording.
- Related案文あんぶんWrittenWritten/formal prose and rare. The draft text of a proposal, stressing its actual provisions.
- Related起稿きこうFormalFormal. The act of beginning to write a draft; only a related concept, as 「稿」 is the manuscript itself.
- Related稿本こうほんWrittenWritten/formal prose. An author's original manuscript, used mainly of old books; 「稿」 alone is rare.
- Related底本ていほんWrittenWritten/formal prose. The base text used for textual collation, a philological term stressing the edition a text rests on.
「稿」 mostly appears in compounds or after numerals, as in 「第一稿」「投稿」「寄稿」. For a manuscript say 「原稿」; for a draft, 「下書き」 or 「草稿」; for a bill draft, 「草案」; for a collation base text, 「底本」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
