下書き|したがきshitagaki[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N2approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verbdraft; rough copy
    私はスピーチの下書したがきを書かいています。↗
    I am writing a draft of the speech.
Conjugation
Dictionary form下書きする(したがきする)
Polite (masu)下書きします(したがきします)
Negative (nai)下書きしない(したがきしない)
polite (masen)下書きしません(したがきしません)
classical zu / nu下書きせず・下書きせぬ(したがきせず・したがきせぬ)
Past (ta)下書きした(したがきした)
polite (mashita)下書きしました(したがきしました)
Past negative (nakatta)下書きしなかった(したがきしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)下書きしませんでした(したがきしませんでした)
Te form下書きして(したがきして)
Potential下書きできる(したがきできる)
Passive下書きされる(したがきされる)
Causative下書きさせる(したがきさせる)
Causative passive下書きさせられる(したがきさせられる)
Conditional (ba)下書きすれば(したがきすれば)
tara下書きしたら(したがきしたら)
Volitional下書きしよう(したがきしよう)
polite (mashou)下書きしましょう(したがきしましょう)
Imperative下書きしろ(したがきしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym草案そうあんWrittenA first draft of a bill, plan or speech; a formal document meant for others to review.
  • Synonym草稿そうこうWrittenA written-register word for manuscript drafts of texts and speeches, as in 「草稿を練る」.
  • Synonym稿こうWrittenA written-register word for manuscripts and versions, often used in counting, as in 「第二稿」; more formal than 「下書き」.
  • Synonym素描そびょうNeutralA line sketch or rough draft, or briefly written text; stresses only the rough outlines. 「下書き」 is the draft before the fair copy.
  • Synonym文案ぶんあんWrittenA draft of a document, official in flavor and centered on the text itself; 「下書き」 is more everyday.
  • Synonym下書げしょWrittenSame meaning as 「下書き」, but rarely used and leaning toward written prose; in everyday use 「下書き」 is the normal word.
  • Synonym下描きしたがきNeutralFaint pencil guidelines drawn lightly before painting or writing; stresses the lines themselves. 「下書き」 often means a text draft.
  • Related原案げんあんWrittenThe original plan that later discussion and revision build on; stresses the plan itself, while 「下書き」 is a written draft.
  • Related素案そあんWrittenA rough, preliminary proposal that has not yet taken shape; it comes at an earlier stage than 「原案」.
  • Related案文あんぶんWrittenDraft text of a document, with an official-document flavor; 「下書き」 is the more everyday word.
  • RelatedスケッチNeutralLoanword for sketching from life or a quick sketch; also a short piece capturing scenes or impressions. Emphasizes rough outlining.
  • RelatedデッサンNeutralLoanword for sketching and drawing from life, tied to art education, as in 「石膏デッサン」.
  • RelatedエスキスWrittenLoanword for design sketches in architecture and art; a specialist term.
  • Related画稿がこうWrittenA draft for a picture; art-world usage. 「下書き」 more often refers to text.
  • Related起稿きこうWrittenA noun for starting to draft; stresses the act of putting pen to paper, not the draft itself.
  • Related素書きすがきNeutralAn uncolored line sketch or rough draft; also a briefly written text. 「下書き」 stresses the draft made before the fair copy.
  • Antonym清書せいしょNeutralThe fair copy — the clean, formal version, the opposite of a draft.
  • Antonym本書きNeutralThe final, proper writing, contrasted with 「下書き」.

Use 「下書き」 for a draft or rough copy made before the final version. For a formal document's first draft pick 「草案」, for the original plan behind discussion 「原案」, for quick sketching 「スケッチ」 or 「デッサン」. 「下描き」 is pencil guidelines for pictures, 「素書き」 an uncolored line sketch, 「画稿」 and 「エスキス」 art and design drafts, 「草稿」 and 「稿」 written text drafts, 「案文」 and 「文案」 official document drafts, 「素案」 a rough early plan, 「起稿」 the act of starting to draft, 「下書」 a rare written variant. The clean final version is 「清書」 or 「本書き」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 清書せいしょの前まえに練習れんしゅうや素案そあんとして書かくこと。また、その書かいたもの。
  2. きちんとした歌詞かしを作成さくせいする前まえの練習れんしゅう段階だんかい。
  3. 絵画かいがの練習れんしゅう。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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