系統|けいとうkeitou[0]heiban (flat)

1. nounsystem
   システムのこの予測よそくされなかった機能きのう不全ふぜんは不適切ふてきせつな配線はいせん系統けいとうによって引き起ひきおこされた。↗

   This unexpected malfunctioning of the system was caused by improper wiring.
2. nounlineage; ancestry; family line
3. noungroup (e.g. of colors) (colours); family (e.g. of languages); party; school (of thought)
4. nounclose (evolutionary) relationship
5. nouna population sharing a common ancestor (in genetics); strain (e.g. bacterial)

• Synonym体系たいけいWrittenWritten/formal. An orderly system of knowledge or theory, as in 「法体系」; stresses the overall framework, while 系統 also covers lineages and series.
• SynonymシステムNeutralNeutral. Loanword for a system or institution; mostly used for mechanisms and computers, whereas 系統 also covers lineage and groups.
• Synonym系けいNeutralNeutral. A system or faction, mostly used as a suffix, as in 「太陽系」 and 「理系」; also common in colloquial speech.
• Synonym家筋いえすじWrittenWritten/formal. A family's bloodline passed down the generations, strictly limited to family lines; 系統 ranges far more widely.
• Synonym系譜けいふWrittenWritten/formal. A genealogy or family tree, also the transmission of a school of thought; 系統 refers to the line itself, not a record of it.
• Synonym系列けいれつNeutralNeutral. A series of like things, or a group of affiliated companies, as in 「系列会社」; 系統 leans more toward lines of descent and ordered connection.
• Synonym組織そしきNeutralNeutral. An organization, group, or biological tissue; centers on people or cells acting as one body, not on a line of descent.
• Related構造こうぞうNeutralNeutral. Structure or construction, as in 「建物の構造」; focuses on how parts are put together, not on a connected line or lineage.
• Related体制たいせいWrittenWritten/formal. The system or regime of a society or organization, as in 「政治体制」; a political sense 系統 does not have.
• Related編成へんせいWrittenWritten/formal. The act of organizing parts into a whole, as in 「予算編成」 and 「10両編成」; 系統 names the system, not the act.
• Related構成こうせいNeutralNeutral. Composition or structural arrangement, as in 「文章の構成」; how elements make up a whole, not a lineage or connected series.
• Related組み立てくみたてNeutralNeutral. Assembly or a built framework, as in 「家具の組み立て」; hands-on putting-together rather than the connected system 系統 names.
• Related配列はいれつWrittenWritten/formal. Arranging things in a set order, as in 「配列を変える」; the point is the sequence itself, not the system as a whole.
• Related仕組みしくみNeutralNeutral. The mechanism behind how something works, as in 「仕組みを理解する」; common in speech, while 系統 stresses ordered connection.

Use 「系統」 for systems, bloodlines, or series connected in order, as in 「系統立てる」. For a body of knowledge or theory pick 「体系」, for how something works 「仕組み」, for structure 「構造」, for a family tree 「系譜」. 「システム」 is the loanword, common for computers; 「系」 is mostly a suffix; 「構成」 and 「組み立て」 concern how things are built; 「配列」 is ordering; 「系列」 covers corporate groups, 「組織」 bodies of people.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 一貫性いっかんせいを保持ほじしつつ続つづいているつながり。特とくに血統けっとう。
2. 一定いっていの規則きそく・法則性ほうそくせいを有ゆうする順序じゅんじょに従したがった、一連いちれんの組織そしき。システム。
3. 同おなじ祖先そせんを有ゆうする生物せいぶつの系列けいれつ。
4. 同おなじような種類しゅるいに属ぞくしていること。そのようなもの。
5. 電車でんしゃやバスなどの路線ろせん。