罵る|ののしるnonoshiru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)
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Definitions
- godan verb, transitive verbto abuse (verbally); to curse at; to shout abuse at; to speak ill of彼女はさんざん私の事をののしった。↗She called me many terrible things.
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 罵る（ののしる） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 罵ります（ののしります） |
| Negative (nai) | 罵らない（ののしらない） |
| polite (masen) | 罵りません（ののしりません） |
| classical zu / nu | 罵らず・罵らぬ（ののしらず・ののしらぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 罵った（ののしった） |
| polite (mashita) | 罵りました（ののしりました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 罵らなかった（ののしらなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 罵りませんでした（ののしりませんでした） |
| Te form | 罵って（ののしって） |
| Potential | 罵れる（ののしれる） |
| Passive | 罵られる（ののしられる） |
| Causative | 罵らせる（ののしらせる） |
| Causative passive | 罵らせられる・罵らされる（ののしらせられる・ののしらされる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 罵れば（ののしれば） |
| tara | 罵ったら（ののしったら） |
| Volitional | 罵ろう（ののしろう） |
| polite (mashou) | 罵りましょう（ののしりましょう） |
| Imperative | 罵れ（ののしれ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym毒づくどくづくNeutralBitter cursing out of resentment, often muttered as grumbling; 「罵る」 stresses hurling abusive language at someone.
- Synonym罵倒ばとうNeutralA noun, also 「罵倒する」, for mercilessly bashing or tearing into someone; somewhat written, and fiercer than 「罵る」.
- Synonym冷罵れいばWrittenWritten language for sneering, mocking abuse; rare — you would normally just say 「罵る」.
- Synonym痛罵つうばWrittenWritten language for a scathing denunciation or harsh criticism; 「罵る」 is the everyday word.
- Synonym嘲罵ちょうばWrittenWritten language for abusive mockery; rare — say 「罵る」 or 「嘲る」 instead.
- Synonym漫罵まんばWrittenWritten language for indiscriminate abuse; rare — 「罵る」 is the usual choice.
- Related悪口わるぐちNeutralBad-mouthing someone, usually behind their back; 「罵る」 is cursing with foul language, whether to the person's face or not.
- Related誹謗ひぼうWrittenWritten word for speaking ill of and slandering someone, as in 「誹謗中傷」; 「罵る」 stresses the abusive language itself.
- Related雑言ぞうごんWrittenAbusive, foul language, as in 「悪口雑言」; 「罵る」 is the act of cursing.
- Related讒謗ざんぼうWrittenWritten word for slander and defamation; rare — say 「誹謗」 or 「中傷」 instead.
- Antonym褒めるほめるNeutralTo praise someone — the direct opposite of reviling someone in harsh words with 「罵る」.
- Antonym称えるたたえるWrittenWritten word for extolling or lauding someone; the opposite of abusing someone with 「罵る」.
Use 「罵る」 for cursing someone out with foul language, as in 「口汚く罵る」. For a merciless bashing say 「罵倒」; for bitter muttered cursing 「毒づく」; for bad-mouthing behind someone's back 「悪口」; for slander 「誹謗」. The rare written words 冷罵・痛罵・嘲罵・漫罵 usually give way to 「罵る」, while slander-type 「讒謗」 gives way to 「誹謗」 or 「中傷」. To praise, say 「褒める」 or, in formal prose, 「称える」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
