造作・雑作|ぞうさくzousaku[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
造作造作 is the most common written form. Learners should use it when writing this word.
雑作雑作 is a less common written variant of 造作. You may encounter it, but it is not the usual choice for learners.
Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbbuilding (esp. a house)
- nounhouse fixture; fitting
- nounfacial features
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 造作する（ぞうさくする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 造作します（ぞうさくします） |
| Negative (nai) | 造作しない（ぞうさくしない） |
| polite (masen) | 造作しません（ぞうさくしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 造作せず・造作せぬ（ぞうさくせず・ぞうさくせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 造作した（ぞうさくした） |
| polite (mashita) | 造作しました（ぞうさくしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 造作しなかった（ぞうさくしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 造作しませんでした（ぞうさくしませんでした） |
| Te form | 造作して（ぞうさくして） |
| Potential | 造作できる（ぞうさくできる） |
| Passive | 造作される（ぞうさくされる） |
| Causative | 造作させる（ぞうさくさせる） |
| Causative passive | 造作させられる（ぞうさくさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 造作すれば（ぞうさくすれば） |
| tara | 造作したら（ぞうさくしたら） |
| Volitional | 造作しよう（ぞうさくしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 造作しましょう（ぞうさくしましょう） |
| Imperative | 造作しろ（ぞうさくしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym作るつくるNeutralThe most general word for making — building, cooking, growing and more; not specific to interior finishing.
- Related作り出すつくりだすNeutralTo create or produce something new — manufacture, invent, dream up. 「造作」 instead is about interior finishing work and can also mean facial features.
- Related形作るかたちづくるWrittenWritten/formal prose. To form or shape something into a definite whole; it does not refer specifically to the interior finishing work 「造作」 describes.
- Related作り上げるつくりあげるNeutralTo make something through to completion; it can also mean to fabricate or make up. Not specific to interior finishing.
- Related製作せいさくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Making goods with tools and machinery, or producing films, plays and TV programs; leans toward products.
- Related作製さくせいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Making items or models; leans toward physical objects.
- Related製造せいぞうNeutralIndustrial manufacturing, turning raw materials into products, often in bulk; unrelated to interior finishing.
- Related工作こうさくNeutralHandicraft: cutting, gluing and assembling simple things by hand; also behind-the-scenes maneuvering. Leans toward simple objects.
- Related創造そうぞうWrittenWritten/formal prose. Creating something out of nothing; leans abstract.
- Related成形せいけいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Giving something a fixed shape, molding or casting; leans toward industrial processing.
- Related組み立てるくみたてるNeutralTo assemble parts into a whole, such as furniture or models; leans toward putting pieces together.
- Related形成けいせいWrittenWritten/formal prose. The forming or development of something, as in 「人格形成」; leans abstract.
- RelatedこしらえるCasualColloquial. To make or prepare something, e.g. 「弁当を拵える」.
- Related製するせいするWrittenWritten/formal prose. To make or manufacture; rarely used.
For general making, use 「作る」. 「造作」 itself covers interior finishing of a house — ceilings, shelves, cabinets, as in 「造作工事」 — and facial features, as in 「顔の造作」; read 「ぞうさ」 in 「造作ない」 'no trouble at all'. For industrial production pick 「製造」, for handicrafts 「工作」, for creation from nothing 「創造」, for assembling 「組み立てる」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
