難|なんnan[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. noun, noun (suffix)difficulty; trouble; hardship; shortage
2. nounaccident; disaster; danger
3. nounfault; defect; flaw
4. nouncriticism; charge; blame

• Synonym災いわざわいNeutralDisaster or source of harm, as in 「口は災いの元」; leans toward harm or bane.
• Synonym難しさむずかしさNeutralThe degree of difficulty, as in 「日本語の難しさ」; 「難」 as a suffix covers difficulty or disaster, as in 「就職難」.
• Related災難さいなんNeutralA disaster or unlucky event, as in 「とんだ災難」; leans toward sudden misfortune.
• Related厄やくWrittenWritten register; bad luck or an unlucky year, as in 「厄払い」; carries folkloric coloring.
• Related惨禍さんかWrittenWritten register; a grievous calamity, as in 「戦争の惨禍」; stronger in degree than 「難」.
• Related難点なんてんNeutralA fault or sticking point, as in 「価格が難点」; corresponds to the fault sense of 「難」, as in 「難がある」.
• Related危難きなんWrittenWritten register; peril or grave danger; rarely used in modern Japanese.
• Related災禍さいかWrittenWritten register; disaster or calamity; rare in modern usage.
• Related災厄さいやくWrittenWritten register; calamity or disaster, fits general descriptions of disasters; 「難」 is more common as a suffix, as in 「就職難」.
• Related変災へんさいWrittenWritten register; an unexpected disaster; rare in modern usage.
• Related厄災やくさいWrittenWritten register; unexpected disaster or misfortune; 「難」 is more common as a suffix or in 「難を逃れる」.
• Related厄難やくなんWrittenWritten register; calamity or misfortune; rare in modern usage.
• Related凶変きょうへんWrittenWritten register; a catastrophe or assassination; has an archaic flavor.
• Related奇禍きかWrittenWritten register; an unforeseen calamity, as in 「奇禍に遭う」; stresses the element of surprise.
• Related凶事きょうじWrittenWritten register; an inauspicious event, often a funeral; 「難」 centers on difficulty, disaster, or fault.

Use 「難」 for difficulty, disaster, or fault, often as a suffix: 「就職難」, 「難を逃れる」, 「性格に難がある」. For a sudden misfortune say 「災難」, for a fault 「難点」, for degree of difficulty 「難しさ」. Most of the rest (厄, 惨禍, 危難, 災禍, 災厄, 変災, 厄災, 厄難, 凶変, 奇禍, 凶事) are written-register words, several rare in modern use; 「災い」 is a common word for harm or bane.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （ナン）災難さいなん。
2. （ナン）欠点けってん、難点なんてん。
3. （ナン）困難こんなん。
4. （ナン）占うらないなどで災難さいなん。