驚く・愕く・駭く|おどろくodoroku[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N4approx.Common
Which spelling to use
驚く驚く(おどろく) is the most common form and the recommended choice for beginners. It is written with kanji followed by kana.
愕く愕く(おどろく) is a less common written variant and is rarely used. It is written with kanji followed by kana, like 驚く(おどろく).
駭く駭く(おどろく) is a less common written variant and is rarely used. It is written with kanji followed by kana, like 驚く(おどろく).
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto be surprised; to be taken aback; to be amazed; to be astonished; to be shocked
    The governor was surprised by the commission's response.
  2. godan verb, intransitive verbto be frightened; to be startled; to be alarmed
    町まちの人々ひとびとは地震じしんに大変たいへん驚おどろいた。↗
    The townsfolk were frightened by the earthquake.
Conjugation
Dictionary form驚く(おどろく)
Polite (masu)驚きます(おどろきます)
Negative (nai)驚かない(おどろかない)
polite (masen)驚きません(おどろきません)
classical zu / nu驚かず・驚かぬ(おどろかず・おどろかぬ)
Past (ta)驚いた(おどろいた)
polite (mashita)驚きました(おどろきました)
Past negative (nakatta)驚かなかった(おどろかなかった)
polite (masen deshita)驚きませんでした(おどろきませんでした)
Te form驚いて(おどろいて)
Potential驚ける(おどろける)
Passive驚かれる(おどろかれる)
Causative驚かせる(おどろかせる)
Causative passive驚かせられる・驚かされる(おどろかせられる・おどろかされる)
Conditional (ba)驚けば(おどろけば)
tara驚いたら(おどろいたら)
Volitional驚こう(おどろこう)
polite (mashou)驚きましょう(おどろきましょう)
Imperative驚け(おどろけ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
intransitive驚くおどろく⇄transitive驚かすおどろかす
私が結果けっかに驚おどろく
彼かれが私を驚おどろかす
驚く describes a person experiencing surprise (the experiencer takes が), while 驚かす describes someone or something causing another person to be surprised (the causer takes が and the experiencer takes を).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 思おもいもよらないことに遭遇そうぐうしてびっくりする。
Kanji in this word

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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