How to say "beyond" in Japanese

• かなたCommon
  pronounFor 'beyond' meaning far in the distance — the far side of the sea, mountains, or horizon. It points to something genuinely distant, farther off than 向こう, and is usually written in kana alone.
  船ふねは、水平線すいへいせんの彼方かなたに消きえた。↗

  The ship disappeared beyond the horizon.
• 越しごしCommon
  noun (suffix)Expresses being across, over, or through something, with an obstacle or gap lying between you and the target. The 'beyond' here is relative to that barrier, not sheer distance.
  彼かれは眼鏡めがねごしに彼女かのじょを見みた。↗

  He looked at her over his glasses.
• 以遠いえんCommon
  noun, noun (suffix)Not the word for distant scenery; it specifies 'everything further than' a stated point or distance, the phrasing of fares, delivery zones, and rules that set a limit.
• 以上いじょうJLPT N4approx.Common
  noun (suffix)Abstract 'beyond': more than a level, amount, or limit — beyond one's expectations, hopes, or what was anticipated. It also covers 'above; more than' a number or degree.
  これ以上いじょうの値引ねびきは、私どもを赤字あかじに追おいやるでしょう。↗

  A further reduction would make us go into the red.
• 向こうむこうJLPT N5approx.Common
  nounSpatial 'beyond': the area on the other side of something, or further ahead — over there, in the distance. Nearer and more concrete than かなた, which suggests far-off distance.
  その男の子おとこのこは向むこうにいます。↗

  The boy is over there.

Choose by sense: 「向こう」 or 「かなた」 for physical 'beyond' (near other side vs far distance), 「越し」 for across or through something, 以上 for beyond expectations or a level, 以遠 for 'further than' a stated point.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• かなたbeyond
• 越しごしacross
• 以遠いえんbeyond
• これより先これよりさきahead
• ほかbeyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.)
• 以上いじょうbeyond (e.g. one's expectations)
• 向こうむこうover there
• 先さき(the way) ahead