How to say "civilian" in Japanese

• 文民ぶんみんCommon
  no-adjectiveCovers 'civilian' as a person who is not a member of the armed forces. Used chiefly in political and legal discussion, such as keeping government and defense under civilian rather than military control.
• 非戦闘員ひせんとういんCommon
  nounLiterally a non-combatant; covers 'civilian' in wartime or military contexts, meaning someone not taking part in fighting, as in news about protecting civilians in a conflict.
• 民間みんかんJLPT N2approx.Common
  no-adjectiveMeans 'private' or 'non-governmental' rather than a person: it refers to the civilian or private sphere as opposed to government and the military, as in private companies or civilian aviation.
  合衆国がっしゅうこくでは２億１６００万におくいちろくれいれいまん丁ちょうもの鉄砲てっぽう類るいが、民間みんかんの手てにあるという。↗

  In the U.S., as many as 216 million firearms are said to be in private hands.

Use 文民 for a person who is not military, especially in politics and law; 非戦闘員 for non-combatants in war; 民間 for the private, non-governmental sphere rather than an individual.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 文民ぶんみんcivilian
• 非戦闘員ひせんとういんnon-combatant
• 民間みんかんprivate
• シビリアンcivilian
• 民間人みんかんじんprivate citizen
• 野人やじんnon-politician
• シビルcivilian
• 壟畝ろうほcountryside