市民|しみんshimin[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. nouncitizen (of a country); citizenry
   その新あたらしい法律ほうりつが市民しみんから自由じゆうを奪うばった。↗

   The new law has deprived the citizens of their liberty.
2. nouncitizen (of a city); resident; inhabitant; townspeople
   私は千葉ちば市民しみんですが、東京とうきょうで勤つとめています。↗

   I am a citizen of Chiba, but work in Tokyo.
3. nounbourgeoisie; middle class

• Synonym国民こくみんFormalFormal word for the people of a country; the reading 「くにたみ」 is archaic, the modern one being 「こくみん」. 「市民」 centers on city residents or citizen status.
• Synonym公民こうみんFormalA formal word for nationals with political rights and duties; also a school subject (civics). Emphasizes political status.
• Related人民じんみんWrittenA written, formal word for the people making up a state; often left-wing or socialist in color, as in 「人民の権利」 — stronger than 「市民」.
• Related民たみWrittenA written, archaic word for the common people; seen in literary expressions like 「民の声」.
• Related臣民しんみんFormalA formal term of the former constitution for subjects obeying the monarch; today mostly in historical accounts, not for present-day nationals.
• Related被治者ひちしゃWrittenA written political-science term for the governed, the counterpart of 「統治者」; not used in everyday speech.

Default to 「市民」 for city residents or citizens. For members of a nation use 「国民」, for political status 「公民」, for left-wing contexts 「人民」. 「民」 is archaic-literary, 「臣民」 historical, 「被治者」 academic.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 都市としの住人じゅうにん。
2. 国家こっかを構成こうせいする人民じんみん、公民こうみん、国民こくみん。
3. ブルジョア。
4. 地方ちほう行政ぎょうせい単位たんいである「市し」の住民じゅうみん。