How to say "notwithstanding" in Japanese

• ながらもCommon
  expressionThe concessive 'notwithstanding': 'although; in spite of the fact that'. It grants a point — difficulty, youth, criticism — while the main assertion stands anyway, as in 'difficult though it was, she finished'.
  女おんなながらも彼女かのじょは勇敢ゆうかんだった。↗

  Woman as she was, she was brave.
• それでもJLPT N3approx.Common
  conjunctionFor 'notwithstanding' standing alone as 'even so; nevertheless': 'The odds were poor; even so, they tried.' It concedes the whole preceding statement rather than qualifying a phrase within its own clause.
  雨あめが激はげしく降ふっていますそれでも私は行いかなければならない。↗

  It's raining hard and yet I must go.
• ながらCommon
  particle, conjunctionIts first sense is 'while'; its 'although; despite' readings overlap with ながらも, and for the bare 'notwithstanding/in spite of' force ながらも is generally the better pick.
  あれほど金かねを持もちながら彼かれは幸福こうふくでない。↗

  For all his wealth, he is not happy.

Choose 「ながらも」 for the concessive 'although/in spite of' sense, 「それでも」 when 'notwithstanding' stands alone as 'even so' opening a contrasting statement, and 「ながら」 chiefly for 'while', its concessive readings overlapping 「ながらも」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• ながらもthough
• それでもbut (still)
• いえどもeven though
• といえどもeven though
• ながらwhile