維持|いじiji[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbmaintenance; preservation; improvement
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 維持する（いじする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 維持します（いじします） |
| Negative (nai) | 維持しない（いじしない） |
| polite (masen) | 維持しません（いじしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 維持せず・維持せぬ（いじせず・いじせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 維持した（いじした） |
| polite (mashita) | 維持しました（いじしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 維持しなかった（いじしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 維持しませんでした（いじしませんでした） |
| Te form | 維持して（いじして） |
| Potential | 維持できる（いじできる） |
| Passive | 維持される（いじされる） |
| Causative | 維持させる（いじさせる） |
| Causative passive | 維持させられる（いじさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 維持すれば（いじすれば） |
| tara | 維持したら（いじしたら） |
| Volitional | 維持しよう（いじしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 維持しましょう（いじしましょう） |
| Imperative | 維持しろ（いじしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym保持ほじWrittenWritten/formal. Focuses on holding on to something without losing it: 「記録を保持する」「タイトルを保持」. 「維持」 stresses keeping a level or state from dropping.
- Synonym持続じぞくWrittenWritten/formal. A state or effect continuing over time, as in 「効果が持続する」; can be intransitive. 「維持」 keeps a level or state at a set degree.
- Synonym保守ほしゅWrittenWritten/formal. Overlaps only in the sense of keeping things in working order; mostly equipment servicing, as in 「保守点検」. Also means political conservatism.
- Synonym保全ほぜんWrittenWritten/formal. Stresses protecting something from damage, as in 「環境保全」「証拠保全」; 「維持」 is about keeping the original level.
- SynonymキープCasualColloquial loanword, common in speech: 「席をキープする」「体型をキープ」. Also covers reserving a seat or keeping possession of the ball; 「維持」 is more formal.
- SynonymメンテナンスNeutralLoanword for servicing equipment or systems, as in 「メンテナンス中」; 「維持」 refers to keeping a state or level unchanged.
- Synonym保つたもつNeutralNative verb for keeping a state unchanged, as in 「健康を保つ」; often interchangeable with 「維持する」, but 「保つ」 is the more colloquial choice.
- Related続けるつづけるNeutralNative verb for carrying an action or state on, as in 「練習を続ける」; 「維持」 is about holding a certain level and leans written/formal.
- Related継続けいぞくWrittenWritten/formal. About carrying on something already under way, as in 「契約を継続する」; 「維持」 is about keeping a level from falling.
- Related続行ぞっこうWrittenWritten/formal. Going on without stopping, as in 「試合続行」, or resuming after an interruption; objects are usually events or matches.
- Related護持ごじWrittenWritten/formal with a solemn tone: reverently guarding something cherished, as in 「国体護持」. For everyday upkeep of a state, use 「維持」.
- Related続くつづくNeutralNeutral intransitive: a thing or state continues by itself, as in 「雨が続く」, or people come one after another; 「維持」 keeps a level or state at a set degree.
- Relatedし続けるしつづけるNeutral「する」 plus 「続ける」: to keep doing something without a break, as in 「努力し続ける」; 「維持」 is about holding a certain level.
- Related存続そんぞくWrittenWritten/formal. About an organization or system continuing to exist rather than dying out, as in 「会社の存続」; 「維持」 is about keeping a level or state.
- Related持するじするWrittenWritten and old-fashioned, mostly in fixed phrases like 「身を持する」「満を持する」; today one usually says 「保つ」 or 「維持する」.
- Antonym破棄はきWrittenWritten/formal antonym in the realm of agreements and contracts: tearing up or voiding them, as in 「契約を破棄する」.
- Antonym放棄ほうきWrittenWritten/formal antonym: giving something up and no longer pressing it, as in 「権利を放棄する」 or 「試合を放棄する」.
Default to 「維持」 for keeping a level or standard. In speech use 「保つ」 or 「キープ」; for holding records or titles use 「保持」; for continuation over time 「持続」 or 「継続」; for equipment servicing 「メンテナンス」. 「保守」 and 「保全」 cover upkeep and protection, 「存続」 an organization's survival, 「続行」 pressing on with an event, 「護持」 solemn guardianship; 「持する」 appears in literary set phrases, and 「続ける」「続く」「し続ける」 mean simply to continue. Antonyms: 「破棄」 voids a contract, 「放棄」 gives up a right.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
