もはや・最早mohaya[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. adverbalready; now
  2. adverbno longer; not any morewith negative verb
    もはや言いうことはない。↗
    I have nothing further to say.
Synonyms & antonyms
  • SynonymすでにNeutralMeans 'already' and leans written/formal. 「最早」 stresses that a situation has reached a certain point, often with a sense of it being too late, though not always.
  • SynonymもうNeutralMeans 'already'; the most common word for it in speech. With a negative it means 'no longer'.
  • RelatedとっくにCasualMeans 'long ago, already', as in 「とっくに終わった」; common in speech.
  • Related今やいまやNeutralMeans 'now, nowadays', as in 「今や常識だ」; emphasizes how things have changed.
  • RelatedかねてWrittenMeans 'beforehand, previously', as in 「予てより」; leans written/formal.
  • RelatedとうにNeutralMeans 'long since, already'; slightly more written than 「とっくに」.
  • Related早くもはやくもNeutralMeans 'already, as early as', with a nuance of surprise, as in 「早くも春が来た」.
  • RelatedかねがねWrittenWritten word for 'for some time now', often of things long heard of; typical of greetings, as in 「かねがね」.
  • AntonymまだNeutralMeans 'still, not yet'; the opposite of 'already' words like 「最早」.

Use 「最早」 to say something has reached a certain point, often with a sense of it being too late, as in 「最早手遅れだ」 or 「最早生活必需品だ」. For everyday 'already' use 「もう」 or 「既に」, for 'long ago' 「とっくに」, for 'nowadays' 「今や」; for 'not yet' use 「まだ」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 時期じき・時刻じこくが一番いちばん早はやい。
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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