もうmou
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- adverbalready; yet; by now; now; (not) any more; (not) any longer
- adverbsoon; shortly; before long; presently
- adverbfurther; more; again; another; the other
- interjectionjeez; geez; gee; boy; come on; damn; seriouslyused to strengthen expression of an emotion (often exasperation)もう〜、なにやってんだよ。↗Jeez, what're you up to?
- SynonymすでにWrittenWritten-flavoured and objective for things already done, as in 「既に終わっている」; 「もう」 is more colloquial and can also mean 'soon' or 'again'.
- SynonymもはやWrittenWritten prose stressing that things have reached a point, as in 「もはや手遅れだ」「もはや常識だ」; heavier in tone than 「もう」 and never used for 'soon'.
- SynonymとっくにCasualColloquial, stressing that something happened long ago, as in 「とっくに帰った」; emphasizes earliness more than 「もう」.
- SynonymとうにWrittenSame meaning as 「とっくに」 but more written and old-fashioned, as in 「とうに忘れた」; only covers 'long since', never 'soon'.
- RelatedまもなくNeutralClose to 「もう」 only in the 'soon' sense: a short while from now, often heard in announcements like 「間もなく発車します」; more formal than 「もうすぐ」.
- RelatedそのうちNeutralPoints to some indefinite time in the future, as in 「そのうち分かる」; vaguer and further off than 「もうすぐ」.
- RelatedやがてWrittenWritten prose for something that will eventually come about after a while, as in 「やがて春が来る」, with a sense of natural progression.
- RelatedほどなくWrittenWritten style for 'a short while later', mostly in past narration, as in 「程なく彼が現れた」.
- Related今やいまやWrittenWritten prose stressing a contrast with the past — things are already so now, as in 「今や世界的な企業だ」.
- Related今にいまにNeutralFor something bound to happen before long, often carrying a warning or expectation, as in 「今に見ていろ」.
- Related遠からずとおからずWrittenWritten style for the near future, mostly in predictions, as in 「遠からず実現する」.
- Related近くちかくWrittenAs an adverb, 'in the near future', as in 「近く発表される」, common in news reports; a longer, more formal time frame than 「もう」.
- Related今にもいまにもNeutralFor something on the verge of happening, often with 「そうだ」, as in 「今にも雨が降りそうだ」; more imminent than 「もうすぐ」.
- RelatedそろそろNeutralFor when the time has nearly come, often to suggest it is time to do something, as in 「そろそろ帰ろう」; carries a sense of the moment arriving.
- Related近々ちかぢかNeutralFor sometime soon, as in 「近々伺います」; a bit more colloquial than the adverb 「近く」.
- RelatedもうすぐNeutralFor 'in a little while', as in 「もうすぐ夏休み」; matches the 'soon' sense of 「もう」 but is more explicit.
- Related日ならずひならずWrittenWritten style for 'within a few days', used in advance notices; in everyday speech say 「近いうちに」.
For 'already' use 「もう」; in written prose 「既に」, and to stress it happened long ago 「とっくに」. For 'soon', colloquially 「もうすぐ」 or 「そろそろ」, in announcements 「間もなく」, and for something on the verge 「今にも」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
- 〔完了したことや状態が変化してしまっていることを表す〕 もはや。すでに。
- 〔話者から見て時期尚早であると感じられる様を表す〕はやくも。強勢を置いて発音される。
- 〔近接未来や、近い将来の事象に関する推測を表す〕 まもなく。じきに。もうすぐ。
- 〔遠い過去であることを表す〕
- 〔基準などを満たす状態になっていることを表す〕
- 〔数量が少ないことや皆無であることを表す〕
- 〔限定を表す〕
- 〔判断がほぼ固まったことを表す〕 ほとんど。
- 〔これ以上したくない、できない、やめる、というニュアンスを表す〕
- 〔叱責、譴責を表す〕
- 〔肯定的な感情を表す〕
- 〔否定的な感情を表す〕
- 〔驚きや、苦労、困難といったニュアンスを表す。特に数量や程度がはなはだしいことを表す〕
- 〔二つあるうちの他方〕 のこる。また。
- 〔後に数量や程度を表す表現を伴って〕 このうえ。なお。さらに。
- 〔一部の副詞に付いてやや幅のある意味を付加する〕
- うんざりしていることやいら立っていることを表現する言葉。


