上回る・上廻る|うわまわるuwamawaru[4]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Which spelling to use
上回る上回る(うわまわる) is the most common form and the recommended choice for beginners, especially when discussing figures such as profits or unemployment rates.
上廻る上廻る(うわまわる) is a rarely used variant of 上回る(うわまわる); it can occur with figures such as profits or unemployment rates, but is seldom seen.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, transitive verbto exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.); to surpass; to be more than; to be better than
    所得税しょとくぜいは控除額こうじょがくを上回うわまわるいかなる所得しょとくにもかかる。↗
    An income tax is levied on any income that exceeds deductions.
Conjugation
Dictionary form上回る(うわまわる)
Polite (masu)上回ります(うわまわります)
Negative (nai)上回らない(うわまわらない)
polite (masen)上回りません(うわまわりません)
classical zu / nu上回らず・上回らぬ(うわまわらず・うわまわらぬ)
Past (ta)上回った(うわまわった)
polite (mashita)上回りました(うわまわりました)
Past negative (nakatta)上回らなかった(うわまわらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)上回りませんでした(うわまわりませんでした)
Te form上回って(うわまわって)
Potential上回れる(うわまわれる)
Passive上回られる(うわまわられる)
Causative上回らせる(うわまわらせる)
Causative passive上回らせられる・上回らされる(うわまわらせられる・うわまわらされる)
Conditional (ba)上回れば(うわまわれば)
tara上回ったら(うわまわったら)
Volitional上回ろう(うわまわろう)
polite (mashou)上回りましょう(うわまわりましょう)
Imperative上回れ(うわまわれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym越えるこえるNeutralBroader in scope: covers spatial crossing like 「山を越える」 as well as exceeding like 「100人を超える」; 「上回る」 is for a quantity or level above a benchmark.
  • Synonym超過ちょうかWrittenWritten/formal prose: exceeding a set limit, as in 「予算超過」 or 「超過勤務」. 「上回る」 just says a figure or ability tops a benchmark, which need not be a limit.
  • Antonym下回るしたまわるNeutralAntonym: to fall below. Where 「上回る」 says a figure tops a benchmark, this says it comes in under it, as in 「予想を下回る」.

Use 「上回る」 when a quantity, result, or ability exceeds a benchmark, as in 「予想を上回る」. For exceeding in general use 「超える」; for going over a set limit use 「超過」; the opposite of 「上回る」 is 「下回る」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. ある定さだまった数量すうりょうより多おおくなる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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