How to say "exceed" in Japanese

• 上回るうわまわるJLPT N1approx.Common
  godan verb, transitive verbThe word for 'exceed' with figures and amounts: profits, rates, or other numbers that come out higher than a target, an estimate, or a previous figure. The natural choice whenever the comparison is numerical.
  所得税しょとくぜいは控除額こうじょがくを上回うわまわるいかなる所得しょとくにもかかる。↗

  An income tax is levied on any income that exceeds deductions.
• 勝るまさるJLPT N1approx.Common
  godan verb, intransitive verbFor 'exceed' as outdoing or being better: to excel, to surpass, to have an edge. With plain numbers or amounts it is seldom the word you want; that is 上回る's job.
  睡眠すいみんは薬くすりに勝まさる。↗

  Sleep is better than medicine.
• 越えるこえるJLPT N3approx.Common
  ichidan verb, transitive verbTreats 'exceed' as going beyond something — a limit, level, or expectation that is crossed or passed. Fits 'be more than' a boundary or threshold, with the image of moving past a point.
  ６５歳さいを超こえるアメリカ人あめりかじんは全人口ぜんじんこうの１２．５％を構成こうせいしている。↗

  Americans who are over sixty-five make up 12.5% of the total population.

Use 「上回る」 when a figure or amount comes out higher than another, 「勝る」 for being better or superior in quality, and 「越える」 for going past a limit, level, or expectation.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 上回るうわまわるto exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.)
• 勝るまさるto excel
• 絶するぜっするto exceed (by a lot)
• 輪をかけるわをかけるto exceed
• 上を行くうえをいくto be better than
• 越えるこえるto exceed
• はみ出すはみだすto go over (e.g. a budget)
• 食み出るはみでるto go over (e.g. a budget)
• 出るでるto exceed
• すぎるto exceed
• 越すこすto surpass