人民|じんみんjinmin[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. nounthe people; citizens; the populace
   専制君主せんせいくんしゅは人民じんみんを弾圧だんあつした。↗

   The tyrant kept the people down.

• Synonym国民こくみんWrittenRead 「くにたみ」, an archaic way to say the people of a country; the everyday reading 「こくみん」 leans toward nationality in the legal sense.
• Synonym民たみWrittenWritten word for the common people, as in 「民の声」; it has an old-fashioned flavor, while 「人民」 is the political term.
• Synonym民衆みんしゅうWrittenWritten word for the ordinary masses, as in 「民衆の力」; it often suggests the masses ranged against those in power.
• SynonymピープルNeutralLoanword meaning people; mostly used in names, and it carries no political coloring.
• Synonym大衆たいしゅうNeutralThe masses, as in 「大衆文化」「大衆運動」; it fits both cultural and political contexts, while 「人民」 is more strongly political.
• Related人々ひとびとNeutralNeutral, generic word for people, as in 「町の人々」; no political overtones.
• Related庶民しょみんNeutralWritten word for the common people, as in 「庶民的な店」; it centers on everyday social station and feels approachable.
• Related市民しみんNeutralMeans citizens or city residents, as in 「市民運動」; it centers on urban residence or civic status.
• Related衆庶しゅうしょWrittenWritten term for the masses; rare today — in everyday speech say 「大衆」 or 「民衆」.
• Related一般大衆いっぱんたいしゅうWrittenWritten phrase for the general public; used when contrasting ordinary people with elites or specialists.
• Related常民じょうみんWrittenWritten folklore-studies term for ordinary people; examples are scarce.
• Antonym君主くんしゅWrittenAntonym: monarchs — kings and emperors — as in 「君主制」; the opposite of 「人民」.
• Antonym支配者しはいしゃNeutralAntonym: those who rule and control, standing opposite the ruled 「人民」.
• Antonym統治者とうちしゃFormalFormal term for those who exercise the power to govern; the opposite of 「人民」.

Use 「人民」 for the people making up a nation, chiefly in political, often left-leaning contexts like 「人民の権利」. For a country's members say 「国民」; for ordinary folk 「庶民」; for the masses 「大衆」 or 「民衆」. 「人々」 and 「ピープル」 are neutral, apolitical words for people. The opposites are 「君主」 and 「支配者」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 国家こっか・社会しゃかいを構成こうせいする人々ひとびと。左翼的さよくてきな文脈ぶんみゃくで用もちいられることが多おおく、この点てん、英語えいごのpeopleとは趣おもむきを異いにする。