国民|こくみんkokumin[0]heiban (flat)

1. nounpeople (of a country); nation; citizen; national
   国民こくみんは歓呼かんこして彼かれを国王こくおうに迎むかえた。↗

   The people acclaimed him King.
2. nounDemocratic Party for the People

• Synonym人民じんみんWrittenWritten/formal prose for 'the people', with leftist or political overtones, as in 「人民の声」; 「国民」 centers on nationality.
• Synonym民たみWrittenWritten/formal prose for the common people, as in 「民の声」; carries an archaic, classical flavor.
• Synonym公民こうみんWrittenWritten/formal prose for citizens holding political rights and duties; also names the school subject civics.
• SynonymピープルCasualColloquial loanword for people or the masses; mostly seen in magazine titles and slogans.
• Synonym市民しみんNeutralNeutral. City residents or citizens, as in 「市民団体」; centers on civil society.
• SynonymネーションWrittenLoanword for a nation or people-as-nation, academic and written in flavor; not used in everyday speech.
• Related庶民しょみんWrittenWritten/formal prose for ordinary commoners, as in 「庶民の味」; contrasts with the upper classes.
• Related大衆たいしゅうWrittenWritten/formal prose for the masses, as in 「大衆文化」; stresses the ordinary majority rather than nationality.
• Related民衆みんしゅうWrittenWritten/formal prose for the populace, as in 「民衆の力」; stresses people as the ruled.
• Related臣民しんみんWrittenWritten/formal prose for subjects under a monarchy; historical flavor.
• Related本国人ほんごくじんWrittenWritten/formal, legal-flavored term for nationals of one's own country, set against foreigners.
• Related被治者ひちしゃWrittenWritten/formal, political-science term for the governed, opposed to the rulers.
• Related衆庶しゅうしょWrittenWritten/formal prose for the many common people; archaic and rarely used today.
• Related一般大衆いっぱんたいしゅうWrittenWritten/formal prose for the general public, as in 「一般大衆向け」.
• Related常民じょうみんWrittenAcademic term from folklore studies for ordinary folk; not used in daily speech.
• Antonym外国人がいこくじんNeutralNeutral antonym: a foreigner, i.e. someone without that country's nationality.
• Antonym非国民ひこくみんWrittenWritten/formal antonym: someone who fails their duties as a national; condemnatory, with a WWII-era ring.

Use 「国民」 by default for people who hold a country's nationality. Turn to 「市民」 for city residents or civil society, 「庶民」 or 「大衆」 for ordinary people, 「人民」 for the politically colored 'the people', and 「公民」 for citizens with political rights; 「外国人」 is the opposite. Rarer written terms — 「民」, 「民衆」, 「臣民」, 「本国人」, 「被治者」, 「衆庶」, 「一般大衆」, 「常民」 — and loanwords 「ネーション」 and 「ピープル」 cover special registers.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. （こくみん）その国くにの国籍こくせきを有ゆうする人ひと。
2. （古こ:くにたみ）その国くにの人々ひとびと。