余剰|よじょうyojou[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, prenominal modifiersurplus; remainder; residue; margin; balance

• Synonym残余ざんよWrittenWritten word for a residue or remnant, focusing on the part that is left behind.
• Synonym過剰かじょうNeutralExcess or too much; stresses a degree beyond what is needed and often carries a negative shade.
• Synonym余分よぶんNeutralExtra or superfluous, as in 「余分な出費」.
• SynonymあまりNeutralColloquial word for a remainder, including in division; as an adverb it means 'not very' before a negative, and 'too, excessively' otherwise.
• Synonym剰余じょうよWrittenWritten word for surplus; in economics often seen in 「剰余価値」. The same characters as 「余剰」 in reverse order, with much the same meaning.
• Related残りのこりNeutralThe everyday word for what is left over; the most common of these and used across a wide range of situations.
• Related残り物のこりものNeutralLeftovers, especially food; colloquial, with a feel of odds and ends.
• Antonym不足ふそくNeutralShortage or lack; the opposite of having a surplus.
• Antonym欠乏けつぼうWrittenWritten word for deficiency or want; stands opposite 「余剰」.

Use 「余剰」 for a surplus beyond what is needed in economic or resource terms, as in 「余剰人員」 and 「余剰資金」. For what is simply left over in daily life, say 「残り」; for too much, 「過剰」; for extra, 「余分」. The opposites are 「不足」 and 「欠乏」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 余あまり。残のこり。剰余じょうよ。