不足|ふそくfusoku[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verb, na-adjectiveinsufficiency; deficiency; shortage; lack; scarcity; deficit
- noun, na-adjectivedissatisfaction; discontent; complaint
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 不足する（ふそくする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 不足します（ふそくします） |
| Negative (nai) | 不足しない（ふそくしない） |
| polite (masen) | 不足しません（ふそくしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 不足せず・不足せぬ（ふそくせず・ふそくせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 不足した（ふそくした） |
| polite (mashita) | 不足しました（ふそくしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 不足しなかった（ふそくしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 不足しませんでした（ふそくしませんでした） |
| Te form | 不足して（ふそくして） |
| Potential | 不足できる（ふそくできる） |
| Passive | 不足される（ふそくされる） |
| Causative | 不足させる（ふそくさせる） |
| Causative passive | 不足させられる（ふそくさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 不足すれば（ふそくすれば） |
| tara | 不足したら（ふそくしたら） |
| Volitional | 不足しよう（ふそくしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 不足しましょう（ふそくしましょう） |
| Imperative | 不足しろ（ふそくしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym不十分ふじゅうぶんNeutralPoints to something not being thorough or adequate, as in 「説明が不十分」; 「不足」 stresses a shortfall in quantity.
- Synonym欠乏けつぼうWrittenWritten word for a lack of something needed, concrete or abstract, as in 「ビタミン欠乏」 or 「愛情の欠乏」; more formal than 「不足」.
- Synonym手薄てうすNeutralShort of hands or thinly covered — staffing, security, stock — as in 「警備が手薄」; narrower than 「不足」.
- Synonym欠如けつじょWrittenWritten word for the absence of a quality or ability one ought to have, mostly abstract, as in 「責任感の欠如」.
- Synonym不全ふぜんWrittenMedical or written term for incomplete functioning, as in 「心不全」 or 「発育不全」.
- Synonym欠けつWrittenWritten form, mostly in compounds like 「欠員」 and 「欠席」; alone it means a vacancy or unfilled slot.
- Synonym品薄しなうすNeutralGoods in short supply — demand outstripping stock; confined to merchandise.
- Synonym欠失けっしつWrittenWritten term for a necessary part being missing, also gene deletion; seldom used in daily speech.
- Related不完全ふかんぜんNeutralImperfect or defective — a matter of quality or completeness; 「不足」 is about quantity.
- Related貧しいまずしいNeutralAn adjective: poor or needy, also thin in content, as in 「貧しい発想」.
- Related貧弱ひんじゃくNeutralThin and shabby — a frail build or meagre equipment, as in 「貧弱な体格」 or 「設備が貧弱」.
- Related乏しいとぼしいNeutralAdjective for lacking or being scarce, as in 「経験に乏しい」; leans toward written style.
- Related欠くかくNeutralTransitive verb 'to lack', mostly in set phrases like 「礼儀を欠く」 or 「精彩を欠く」.
- Related欠けるかけるNeutralIntransitive verb: a piece is missing or a quality lacking, as in 「常識に欠ける」; also a chipped vessel.
- Related欠落けつらくWrittenWritten word for a part dropping out of a whole, as in 「記憶の欠落」.
- Related払底ふっていWrittenWritten word for material supplies running out or running dry; rare.
- Antonym過剰かじょうNeutralAntonym: excess or surplus, as in 「供給過剰」.
- Antonym十分じゅうぶんNeutralAntonym when read 「じゅうぶん」: enough, ample; read 「じっぷん」 it is simply ten minutes.
- Antonym過多かたWrittenWritten antonym for an excess, often in medical or statistical terms like 「胃酸過多」.
For a shortage in quantity, 「不足」 is the default. Use 「不十分」 when something is not thorough or adequate, 「欠如」 or 「欠ける」 for a missing quality or ability, 「品薄」 for goods in short supply and 「手薄」 for thin staffing or security. Written alternatives include 「欠乏」 for a lack of something needed, 「欠落」 for a missing part of a whole, and 「欠失」 for a lost part or gene deletion. Adjectives 「乏しい」, 「貧しい」 and 「貧弱」 describe meagre or poor states. Antonyms: 「過剰」 and 「過多」 for excess, 「十分」 for sufficiency.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
