修養|しゅうようshuuyou[0]heiban (flat)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbself-improvement; (mental) training; self-discipline; cultivation
Conjugation
Dictionary form修養する(しゅうようする)
Polite (masu)修養します(しゅうようします)
Negative (nai)修養しない(しゅうようしない)
polite (masen)修養しません(しゅうようしません)
classical zu / nu修養せず・修養せぬ(しゅうようせず・しゅうようせぬ)
Past (ta)修養した(しゅうようした)
polite (mashita)修養しました(しゅうようしました)
Past negative (nakatta)修養しなかった(しゅうようしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)修養しませんでした(しゅうようしませんでした)
Te form修養して(しゅうようして)
Potential修養できる(しゅうようできる)
Passive修養される(しゅうようされる)
Causative修養させる(しゅうようさせる)
Causative passive修養させられる(しゅうようさせられる)
Conditional (ba)修養すれば(しゅうようすれば)
tara修養したら(しゅうようしたら)
Volitional修養しよう(しゅうようしよう)
polite (mashou)修養しましょう(しゅうようしましょう)
Imperative修養しろ(しゅうようしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym琢磨たくまWrittenWritten. Refers to honing and improving one's learning, arts or skills, usually as 「切磋琢磨」; 「修養」 focuses on building character and self-discipline.
  • Related教養きょうようNeutralNeutral. Stresses broad knowledge and cultural refinement — an intellectual quality; it lacks the moral self-discipline of 「修養」.
  • Related練磨れんまWrittenWritten. Emphasises repeated practice to perfect one's skills and train body and mind, as in 「百戦錬磨」.
  • Related陶冶とうやWrittenWritten. Stresses nurturing and refining a person's character and temperament, as in 「人格の陶冶」.
  • Antonym堕落だらくWrittenWritten. Describes moral decline — conduct turning corrupt; the opposite of the self-cultivation of 「修養」.
  • Antonym放蕩ほうとうWrittenWritten. Dissipation — indulging in drink and pleasure and squandering money; the opposite of the self-discipline of 「修養」.

「修養」 is the default for self-cultivation and character building, as in 「修養を積む」. Use 「教養」 for knowledge and cultural literacy, 「琢磨」/「練磨」 (written) for honing learning or skills, 「陶冶」 (written) for shaping character. 「堕落」 and 「放蕩」 are its opposites.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 学問がくもんを修おさめ品性ひんせいを磨みがき自分じぶんの人格じんかくを高たかめること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

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