琢磨|たくまtakuma[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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- noun, suru verb, transitive verbpolish (jewels); cultivation
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 琢磨する(たくまする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 琢磨します(たくまします) |
| Negative (nai) | 琢磨しない(たくましない) |
| polite (masen) | 琢磨しません(たくましません) |
| classical zu / nu | 琢磨せず・琢磨せぬ(たくませず・たくませぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 琢磨した(たくました) |
| polite (mashita) | 琢磨しました(たくましました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 琢磨しなかった(たくましなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 琢磨しませんでした(たくましませんでした) |
| Te form | 琢磨して(たくまして) |
| Potential | 琢磨できる(たくまできる) |
| Passive | 琢磨される(たくまされる) |
| Causative | 琢磨させる(たくまさせる) |
| Causative passive | 琢磨させられる(たくまさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 琢磨すれば(たくますれば) |
| tara | 琢磨したら(たくましたら) |
| Volitional | 琢磨しよう(たくましよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 琢磨しましょう(たくましましょう) |
| Imperative | 琢磨しろ(たくましろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym修養しゅうようNeutralCultivating oneself and refining one's character; the focus is on moral character and personal quality.
- Synonym練磨れんまWrittenWritten word for honing body and mind through repeated practice, as in 「百戦錬磨」; the emphasis is on repeated tempering.
- Synonym陶冶とうやWrittenWritten word for molding and enriching character and temperament, as in 「人格の陶冶」.
- Related教養きょうようNeutralCultural refinement and learning one already possesses; 「琢磨」 stresses the ongoing polishing and improvement of one's learning or skill.
- Related養成ようせいNeutralDeveloping people or abilities to a certain level through education and training, as in 「教員養成」.
- Related育成いくせいNeutralRaising and training people to maturity, as in 「選手育成」; also used for cultivating plants and animals.
Use 「琢磨」 for polishing and refining your learning or skills like a gem, often in 「切磋琢磨」. For tempering through repeated practice say 「錬磨」, for building character 「修養」, and for training people up 「養成」 or 「育成」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


