琢磨|たくまtakuma[1]atamadaka (head-high)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbpolish (jewels); cultivation
Conjugation
Dictionary form琢磨する(たくまする)
Polite (masu)琢磨します(たくまします)
Negative (nai)琢磨しない(たくましない)
polite (masen)琢磨しません(たくましません)
classical zu / nu琢磨せず・琢磨せぬ(たくませず・たくませぬ)
Past (ta)琢磨した(たくました)
polite (mashita)琢磨しました(たくましました)
Past negative (nakatta)琢磨しなかった(たくましなかった)
polite (masen deshita)琢磨しませんでした(たくましませんでした)
Te form琢磨して(たくまして)
Potential琢磨できる(たくまできる)
Passive琢磨される(たくまされる)
Causative琢磨させる(たくまさせる)
Causative passive琢磨させられる(たくまさせられる)
Conditional (ba)琢磨すれば(たくますれば)
tara琢磨したら(たくましたら)
Volitional琢磨しよう(たくましよう)
polite (mashou)琢磨しましょう(たくましましょう)
Imperative琢磨しろ(たくましろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym修養しゅうようNeutralCultivating oneself and refining one's character; the focus is on moral character and personal quality.
  • Synonym練磨れんまWrittenWritten word for honing body and mind through repeated practice, as in 「百戦錬磨」; the emphasis is on repeated tempering.
  • Synonym陶冶とうやWrittenWritten word for molding and enriching character and temperament, as in 「人格の陶冶」.
  • Related教養きょうようNeutralCultural refinement and learning one already possesses; 「琢磨」 stresses the ongoing polishing and improvement of one's learning or skill.
  • Related養成ようせいNeutralDeveloping people or abilities to a certain level through education and training, as in 「教員養成」.
  • Related育成いくせいNeutralRaising and training people to maturity, as in 「選手育成」; also used for cultivating plants and animals.

Use 「琢磨」 for polishing and refining your learning or skills like a gem, often in 「切磋琢磨」. For tempering through repeated practice say 「錬磨」, for building character 「修養」, and for training people up 「養成」 or 「育成」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 玉たまや石いしを研ぎ磨とぎみがくこと。
  2. 学問がくもんや技芸ぎげいを向上こうじょうさせること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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