培養|ばいようbaiyou[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verb, biologyculture; cultivation
2. noun, suru verb, transitive verbcultivation (of plants); growing; raising
3. noun, suru verb, transitive verbcultivation (e.g. of a skill); nurture (of democracy, national power, etc.); growth

• Synonym育成いくせいNeutralPlanned training of people (or breeds) to full ability, as in 「人材育成」. 培養 today mostly means artificially growing cells and microorganisms.
• Synonym栽培さいばいNeutralGrowing crops, mushrooms and other plants, as in 「野菜を栽培する」. 培養 can cover plants too, but now usually refers to culturing cells and microbes.
• Related養殖ようしょくNeutralArtificially raising fish and shellfish, as in 「養殖マグロ」. The objects of 培養 are mostly cells and microorganisms.
• Related育種いくしゅWrittenWritten word for breeding: improving plant or animal varieties for better traits. 培養 only makes organisms grow and multiply; no variety improvement.
• Related培うつちかうWrittenVerb for building up ability or character over the long term, as in 「経験を培う」. 培養 leans scientific, typically cells and bacteria.
• Related育てるそだてるNeutralThe everyday verb for raising and bringing up — children, plants, talent. 培養 belongs to labs and technical contexts.
• Related育むはぐくむNeutralVerb for nurturing with tender care, as in 「愛を育む」. 培養 is a scientific term with no emotional coloring.
• Related保育ほいくNeutralSame word as above; written 「保育」 it now usually means caring for infants and toddlers, as in 「保育園」 — different from 培養's artificial culturing.
• Related養成ようせいWrittenWritten word for training people to a set professional level through education, as in 「人材養成」「養成所」. 培養 mostly means culturing cells and microbes.
• Related養うやしなうNeutralVerb for supporting a family financially, or restoring one's energy, as in 「英気を養う」. 培養 never means providing for; it centers on artificial growth.
• Related育て上げるそだてあげるNeutralVerb for raising someone or something all the way to maturity — bringing up a child, training an athlete to the top. 培養 is mostly artificial multiplication.
• Related哺育ほいくWrittenWritten word for a parent nursing its young or suckling an infant. 培養 is artificial multiplication of cells and microbes, or figurative fostering of strength.
• Antonym破壊はかいNeutralDestruction; wrecking things. It stands opposite to 培養 in the sense of fostering something so that it develops.
• Antonym死滅しめつWrittenWritten word for dying off completely, as when bacteria perish. The direct opposite of 培養, which makes microorganisms multiply.

Use 「培養」 for artificially growing bacteria and cells, as in 「細胞培養」, and figuratively for building up strength. For training people say 「育成」, for growing crops 「栽培」, for aquaculture 「養殖」, and for everyday raising 「育てる」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 草木くさきを培つちかい、養やしなうこと。
2. 微生物びせいぶつや細胞さいぼうなどを人工的じんこうてきに増殖ぞうしょくさせること。