備わる・具わる|そなわるsonawaru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Which spelling to use
備わる備わる is the more common written form and the recommended default for beginners. It uses kanji and kana together.
具わる具わる is less common than 備わる; it is another kanji-and-kana spelling of the same word.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto be furnished with; to be provided with; to be equipped with
    このホテルには体育館たいいくかんとプールが備そなわっている。↗
    This hotel has a gym and a swimming pool.
  2. godan verb, intransitive verbto be possessed of; to be endowed with; to be gifted with
    生いきようという本能ほんのうは誰だれにも生うまれつきそなわっている。↗
    The instinct for survival is innate.
  3. godan verb, intransitive verbto be among; to be one of
Conjugation
Dictionary form備わる(そなわる)
Polite (masu)備わります(そなわります)
Negative (nai)備わらない(そなわらない)
polite (masen)備わりません(そなわりません)
classical zu / nu備わらず・備わらぬ(そなわらず・そなわらぬ)
Past (ta)備わった(そなわった)
polite (mashita)備わりました(そなわりました)
Past negative (nakatta)備わらなかった(そなわらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)備わりませんでした(そなわりませんでした)
Te form備わって(そなわって)
Potential備われる(そなわれる)
Passive備わられる(そなわられる)
Causative備わらせる(そなわらせる)
Causative passive備わらせられる・備わらされる(そなわらせられる・そなわらされる)
Conditional (ba)備われば(そなわれば)
tara備わったら(そなわったら)
Volitional備わろう(そなわろう)
polite (mashou)備わりましょう(そなわりましょう)
Imperative備われ(そなわれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
intransitive備わるそなわる⇄transitive備えるそなえる
機能きのうが備そなわる
備わる expresses that a feature is present or inherent (as in 機能が備わる), whereas 備える expresses the deliberate act of providing or equipping something with that feature (as in 機能を備える).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym備えるそなえるNeutralTransitive: to equip or prepare (「才能を備える」「災害に備える」). 「備わる」 is intransitive and describes something already in place.
  • Related有するゆうするWrittenWritten/formal word for having or possessing (「権利を有する」), used mainly in legal and official documents.
  • Antonym欠けるかけるNeutralAntonym: to be lacking or missing (「常識が欠ける」), the opposite of being endowed or equipped.
  • Antonym不足するNeutralAntonym: to be insufficient or fall short (「経験が不足する」), the opposite of 「備わる」.

Use 「備わる」 when facilities, abilities, or qualities are already in place (「気品が備わる」「設備が備わっている」); for actively equipping or preparing use 「備える」, and in formal or legal writing 「有する」. The opposites are 「欠ける」 and 「不足する」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 不足ふそくなく揃そろっている
  2. 才能さいのうや性質せいしつが身みについている
Kanji in this word
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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