地面|じめんjimen[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. nounground; earth's surface
   １枚まいの枯れ葉かれはが地面じめんに落おちた。↗

   A dead leaf fell to the ground.
2. nounland; lot; plot

• Synonym土つちNeutralSoil or dirt, and by extension the earth itself, as in 「土を掘る」; 「地面」 points to the surface as a plane.
• Synonym土地とちNeutralLand as property, or a locality; 「地面」 is mainly the surface itself, though it can also mean a plot.
• Synonym地ちNeutralThe same word as 「土」 above, also written 「地」: soil and the earth as material; 「地面」 is the ground's surface itself.
• Synonym大地だいちNeutralThe broad earth, with a lyrical flavor; 「地面」 is simply the ground underfoot.
• SynonymグラウンドNeutralA loanword for a sports ground or playground; 「地面」 is the surface itself.
• Synonym地べたじべたCasualColloquial, for the ground you sit right on, as in 「地べたに座る」; 「地面」 is more neutral.
• Related土壌どじょうNeutralSoil, also used figuratively for a breeding ground; 「地面」 points to the surface as a plane.
• Related地所じしょWrittenA written-style term for land held as property; 「地面」 stresses the surface itself.
• Related敷地しきちNeutralThe plot a building stands on, as in 「学校の敷地」; 「地面」 points to the surface as a plane.
• Related用地ようちNeutralLand set aside for a particular use, as in 「建設用地」; 「地面」 points to the surface as a plane.
• Related陸地りくちNeutralLand as opposed to the sea; 「地面」 is the ground underfoot.
• Antonym空中くうちゅうNeutralThe space up in the air, standing opposite 「地面」 in the up–down relation.
• Antonym天井てんじょうNeutralThe ceiling of a room, usually paired with 「床」; it contrasts with 「地面」 only in the up–down relation.

Use 「地面」 for the surface underfoot or for land as a plot, as in 「地面が揺れる」. For soil or dirt choose 「土」 or 「土壌」; for land as property, 「土地」 or the written 「地所」. 「地べた」 is the colloquial word for sitting right on the ground, 「大地」 the vast earth, and 「空中」 the opposite.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 大地だいち（地ち）の表面ひょうめんのこと。
2. （土地とち取引とりひきや、開墾かいこんの際さいに、）土地とち（用地ようち）・地所じしょ（敷地しきち）を指さす。建築けんちく用語ようごとしては、建築物けんちくぶつの建たつ土地とちの表面ひょうめんのこと。