持つ|もつmotsu[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N5approx.Common
Definitions
  1. godan verb, transitive verbto hold (in one's hand); to take; to carry
    コートを持もちましょうか。↗
    Shall I carry your coat?
  2. godan verb, transitive verbto possess; to have; to own
    I'm a holder of ABC Travel Insurance.
  3. godan verb, transitive verbto maintain; to keep
  4. godan verb, transitive verbto last; to be durable; to keep; to survive
  5. godan verb, transitive verbto take charge of; to be in charge of
  6. godan verb, transitive verbto hold (meeting, etc.); to have (opportunity, etc.)
    私わたしたちは数すう回かい会合かいごうを持もった。↗
    We've had several meetings.
  7. godan verb, transitive verb, intransitive verbto have "it"; to have that special something; to be blessed with good luckesp. as 持ってる
Conjugation
Dictionary form持つ(もつ)
Polite (masu)持ちます(もちます)
Negative (nai)持たない(もたない)
polite (masen)持ちません(もちません)
classical zu / nu持たず・持たぬ(もたず・もたぬ)
Past (ta)持った(もった)
polite (mashita)持ちました(もちました)
Past negative (nakatta)持たなかった(もたなかった)
polite (masen deshita)持ちませんでした(もちませんでした)
Te form持って(もって)
Potential持てる(もてる)
Passive持たれる(もたれる)
Causative持たせる(もたせる)
Causative passive持たせられる・持たされる(もたせられる・もたされる)
Conditional (ba)持てば(もてば)
tara持ったら(もったら)
Volitional持とう(もとう)
polite (mashou)持ちましょう(もちましょう)
Imperative持て(もて)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym所持しょじWrittenWritten style: actually having an item on you or under your control, often in legal contexts like 「所持品」 or 「拳銃所持」; the person need not own it.
  • Synonym携行けいこうWrittenWritten word for carrying something on your person when you go out, as in 「携行品」; typical of official documents.
  • Synonym携えるたずさえるWrittenWritten style: to carry in your hand or take along with you, or to be accompanied by someone, as in 「手土産を携える」.
  • SynonymけいたいNeutralNeutral: carrying something on your person, as in 「携帯用」; today the word usually means a mobile phone.
  • Synonym抱えるかかえるNeutralNeutral: to hold in your arms, or to be saddled with worries or burdens, as in 「悩みを抱える」.
  • Synonym有するゆうするWrittenWritten: to have or possess, as in 「権利を有する」; common in legal and formal documents.
  • Related保有ほゆうWrittenWritten and formal: holding on to assets or rights, as in 「株式を保有する」.
  • Related帯びるおびるWrittenWritten: to wear something at your waist, or to take on a quality or mission, as in 「赤みを帯びる」 and 「任務を帯びる」.
  • Related抱くいだくWrittenRead 「いだく」, it mainly means to harbor a thought or feeling, as in 「夢を抱く」; a written-style word.
  • Related保持ほじNeutralNeutral: keeping a state, record or the like, as in 「記録を保持する」; the focus is on maintaining something.
  • Related所有しょゆうNeutralNeutral: to own something as legal property, as in 「土地を所有する」; the term carries a legal coloring.
  • Related領有りょうゆうWrittenWritten: holding territory or land as one's own, as in 「領有権」.
  • Related所蔵しょぞうWrittenWritten: owning or holding artworks, books and the like, as in 「美術館所蔵」.
  • Related占有せんゆうWrittenWritten: to monopolize or occupy something, or possession in the legal sense, as in 「市場を占有する」.
  • RelatedつかむNeutralNeutral: to grip something firmly in the hand or to seize a chance, as in 「腕を掴む」; the stress is on the grabbing action.
  • Antonym放すはなすNeutralThe opposite of 「持つ」: to let go of something or release it from your hand.
  • Antonym持たないNeutralThe negative of 「持つ」: not holding something or not having it, as in 「傘を持たない」.

「持つ」 is the most versatile: use it by default for holding something in the hand and for having or owning things. For legal ownership say 「所有」, for having an item on you 「所持」, for holding assets or rights 「保有」, and for the formal written 'to have' 「有する」. For carrying on your person, 「携帯」 is neutral while 「携行」 and 「携える」 are written. Others: 「帯びる」 (take on a quality), 「抱く」 (harbor feelings), 「保持」 (maintain), 「所蔵」 (own artworks), 「占有」 (occupy), 「抱える」 (be burdened), 「掴む」 (grab); 「持たない」 and 「放す」 are opposites.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. (持もつ)手てを使つかって、重量じゅうりょうを支ささえる。
  2. (持もつ)(「お持もちする」「お持もちになる」「お持もち下ください」などの形かたちで)持もっていく。持もってくる。持参じさんする。
  3. (持もつ)手元てもとにおいて、自みずからの支配下しはいかにある。所持しょじする、占有せんゆうする。持参じさんできるよう手元てもとに用意よういする。
  4. (持もつ)手てでしっかりつかむ。
  5. (持もつ)所有しょゆうする。
  6. (持もつ)性質せいしつや性格せいかく、資格しかくを有ゆうしている。
  7. (持もつ)負担ふたんする。
  8. (持もつ)(会合かいごう等とうを)開ひらく、開催かいさいする。
  9. (持もつ、保たもつ)ある安定あんていした状態じょうたいを継続けいぞくさせる。たもつ。維持いじする、保持ほじする。
  10. (「もっている」などの形かたちで)運気うんきが強つよい。肝心かんじんなときに力ちからが出でる。
  11. (「をもって」「をもち」の形かたちで)原因げんいん・理由りゆうを示しめす。のために。
  12. (「をもって」「をもち」の形かたちで)期日きじつやくぎりを示しめす。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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