基本|きほんkihon[0]heiban (flat)

1. no-adjectivebasics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
   「これは・・・」「軍手ぐんてとスコップ。園芸えんげい部ぶ基本きほん道具どうぐのひとつだよ」↗

   "This is ..." "Working glove and trowel. One of a gardening club's basic tools."

• Synonym根底こんていWrittenWritten/formal prose for the deepest root of something, as in 「根底から覆す」; 「基本」 covers necessary, elementary things without stressing depth.
• Synonym基礎きそNeutralOften interchangeable with 「基本」 for entry-level knowledge or skills, as in 「基礎知識」, but 「基礎」 cannot replace it in 「基本方針」 or 「基本的人権」; it also means a building's foundation.
• Synonym根本こんぽんNeutralRefers to the root or essence of a matter, as in 「根本的な原因」; 「基本」 is the elementary essentials, while 「根本」 stresses going back to the source.
• Synonym基盤きばんWrittenWritten-leaning word for the base that supports something's existence or operation, as in 「生活基盤」 or 「経営基盤」; its collocations differ from 「基本」.
• Synonym土台どだいNeutralA building's base or the foundation of something, as in 「土台を固める」; more concrete in image, and also works as an adverb meaning 'fundamentally'.
• SynonymベースNeutralLoanword for a base, standard, or base camp, as in 「ベースキャンプ」; colloquially 「〜をベースに」 means 'based on ~'.
• Synonym基底きていWrittenWritten, academic term for the lowest stratum of support or the base of a solid; also a mathematics term. In everyday speech 「基本」 is the usual choice.
• Related下地したじNeutralGroundwork or aptitude built up beforehand, as in 「下地がある」; also an undercoat of paint. Unlike 「基本」, it never means principles or key points.
• Related礎いしずえWrittenA written, solemn word for a cornerstone, often a metaphor for people or things that underpin a nation or enterprise, as in 「国の礎」; more figurative than 「基本」.
• Related礎石そせきWrittenA foundation stone laid for a building, also a metaphor for what something rests on; written and solemn, a figurative coloring 「基本」 lacks.
• Antonym応用おうようNeutralPutting theory or knowledge to practical use, or the advanced stage of learning, as in 「基本と応用」; forms a set pair with 「基本」.
• Antonym派生はせいWrittenWritten word for deriving from a root, as in 「派生語」; contrasts with 「基本」 only in set pairings such as 「基本形」 versus 「派生形」.

For basics or essentials, 「基本」 is the default. Use 「基礎」 for a building's foundation or entry-level knowledge, 「根本」 and 「根底」 when tracing something to its root, and 「基盤」 for the base supporting one's life or business. The counterpart is 「応用」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 物事ものごとの判断はんだん、行動こうどう、存在そんざいの上うえで必要ひつようかつ初歩しょほ的てきなもの。