当惑|とうわくtouwaku[0]heiban (flat)
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- noun, suru verb, intransitive verbbewilderment; perplexity; embarrassment; confusion
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 当惑する(とうわくする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 当惑します(とうわくします) |
| Negative (nai) | 当惑しない(とうわくしない) |
| polite (masen) | 当惑しません(とうわくしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 当惑せず・当惑せぬ(とうわくせず・とうわくせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 当惑した(とうわくした) |
| polite (mashita) | 当惑しました(とうわくしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 当惑しなかった(とうわくしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 当惑しませんでした(とうわくしませんでした) |
| Te form | 当惑して(とうわくして) |
| Potential | 当惑できる(とうわくできる) |
| Passive | 当惑される(とうわくされる) |
| Causative | 当惑させる(とうわくさせる) |
| Causative passive | 当惑させられる(とうわくさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 当惑すれば(とうわくすれば) |
| tara | 当惑したら(とうわくしたら) |
| Volitional | 当惑しよう(とうわくしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 当惑しましょう(とうわくしましょう) |
| Imperative | 当惑しろ(とうわくしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym困惑こんわくWrittenVery close to 「当惑」: being at a loss over what to do; the two are often interchangeable in written prose, but 「困惑」 puts more weight on the predicament.
- Related戸惑いとまどいNeutralThe everyday word: being thrown off or at a loss, often because something is unfamiliar or happens suddenly; 「当惑」 is more written/formal and suggests difficulty coping.
- Antonym平然へいぜんWrittenThe opposite: acting as if nothing were wrong, calm and composed — the antithesis of the being-at-a-loss of 「当惑」. Written/formal in tone.
In everyday speech, 「戸惑う」 is the default. In written prose, 「当惑」 and 「困惑」 both express being at a loss or hard-pressed and are largely interchangeable. 「平然」 is the written opposite: calm and unbothered.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


