怖い・恐い|こわいkowai[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- i-adjectivescary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
Conjugation
| Plain form | 怖い(こわい) |
|---|---|
| Polite (desu) | 怖いです(こわいです) |
| Negative (kunai) | 怖くない(こわくない) |
| polite (ku arimasen) | 怖くありません(こわくありません) |
| Past (katta) | 怖かった(こわかった) |
| Past negative (kunakatta) | 怖くなかった(こわくなかった) |
| Te form (kute) | 怖くて(こわくて) |
| Adverbial (ku) | 怖く(こわく) |
| Conditional (kereba) | 怖ければ(こわければ) |
| kattara | 怖かったら(こわかったら) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym恐ろしいおそろしいNeutralStronger than 「怖い」 and more at home in written prose; it can also describe an astonishing degree.
- SynonymおっかないCasualA Kanto colloquialism for scary or frightening; as in 「おっかない顔」, it is more casual than 「怖い」.
- Synonymもの恐ろしいものおそろしいWrittenWritten style for a vague, unaccountable fear — something feels frightening though you cannot say why.
- SynonymおどろおどろしいWrittenWritten word for an eerie, hair-raising feel; it mostly describes an atmosphere rather than a concrete threat.
- RelatedものすごいCasualColloquial; chiefly stresses an astonishing degree, as in 「ものすごい人」, though it can also mean frightening.
- Related凄まじいすさまじいWrittenWritten; describes an astounding, shocking degree, as in 「すさまじい叫び声」.
- RelatedおぞましいWrittenWritten; for what makes you shudder with disgust — the stress is on revulsion rather than fear itself.
- Related恐ろしげおそろしげNeutralDescribes a frightening look or manner, as in 「恐ろしげな顔」; it is about appearance, not the fear you feel.
- Antonym安心あんしんNeutralThe opposite of 「怖い」: feeling relieved and at ease, free of fear.
- Antonym怖くないCasualThe plain negative of 「怖い」: not scary, not frightening, as in 「全然怖くない」.
Use 「怖い」 by default for scary or frightening. For a heavier, more written tone pick 「恐ろしい」; in casual speech say 「おっかない」. For a fear you cannot quite explain use 「もの恐ろしい」, and for an eerie, sinister atmosphere 「おどろおどろしい」. When the point is relief rather than fear, switch to 「安心」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


