拘禁|こうきんkoukin[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbdetention; custody; confinement; internment

• Synonym拘置こうちWrittenWritten term for detaining suspects, defendants, or convicted persons, common in judicial documents; 「拘禁」 is broader, covering holding anyone once caught.
• Synonym監禁かんきんNeutralFocuses on confining someone somewhere and stripping their freedom of movement, as in 「監禁事件」; 「拘禁」 is mostly the legal holding of suspects and inmates.
• Synonym拘留こうりゅうWrittenBroadly, holding someone after capture; also a short-term penalty of one day or more but under thirty days; as a penalty name it is more specific than 「拘禁」.
• Synonym禁錮きんこFormalFormal name of a penalty: imprisonment without forced labor; 「拘禁」 refers to the act of holding someone and is not limited to penalties.
• Synonym禁足きんそくWrittenCenters on barring someone from going out and keeping them indoors, usually an internal disciplinary measure, not necessarily judicial; 「拘禁」 is judicial detention.
• Synonym収監しゅうかんWrittenCommitting a person with a final sentence to prison; stresses the step of entering the institution, while 「拘禁」 is the state of being held.
• Synonym投獄とうごくWrittenPutting someone behind bars; stresses the act of entering prison and sounds heavier; 「拘禁」 is legal detention.
• Synonym幽閉ゆうへいWrittenConfining someone in an enclosed space, often in historical or literary narration; 「拘禁」 is used for judicial detention.
• Synonym抑留よくりゅうWrittenMostly a state detaining foreign nationals or ships, as in 「シベリア抑留」; also short-term restraint. 「拘禁」 is not limited to particular subjects.
• Synonym留置りゅうちWrittenKeeping people or things somewhere, from police-station detention to impounding items; 「拘禁」 covers only holding people.
• Synonym留め置きとめおきNeutralHolding or retaining people or things, including mail kept at the post office for pickup; 「拘禁」 is limited to holding persons.
• Synonym勾留こうりゅうWrittenCriminal-procedure term for holding a suspect or defendant to prevent flight or evidence tampering; a specific type of 「拘禁」.
• Related閉じ込めるとじこめるNeutralEveryday verb for shutting people, animals, or things inside so they cannot get out; 「拘禁」 is a noun tied to legal contexts.
• Related押し込めるおしこめるNeutralVerb for forcing people or things into a room or space and shutting them in, with a coercive feel; 「拘禁」 is used in legal contexts.
• Related検束けんそくWrittenRestraining others to limit their movements; can also mean self-restraint. Rarer than 「拘禁」 and mostly seen in written prose.
• Related身柄拘束みがらこうそくWrittenFocuses on the police and similar authorities taking a suspect into custody after arrest; common in the news. 「拘禁」 leans toward the state of being held in a facility.
• Antonym解放かいほうNeutralBroad antonym: removing restraints and setting someone free, with a wide range of uses; the opposite of 「拘禁」.
• Antonym釈放しゃくほうNeutralAntonym used specifically for releasing someone in custody, as in 「容疑者を釈放する」; directly opposes 「拘禁」.

Use 「拘禁」 as the general term for holding someone in custody in legal contexts. For locking someone up and stripping their freedom, say 「監禁」; for pretrial detention, 「勾留」; in everyday speech, 「閉じ込める」. To release someone, use 「釈放」. The other words narrow to specific situations: judicial documents (「拘置」), short-term penalties (「拘留」), imprisonment without labor (「禁錮」), prison entry (「収監」「投獄」), news reports of custody (「身柄拘束」), detaining foreigners (「抑留」), and keeping people or things (「留置」).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 捕とらえたうえ留とめておくこと。
2. 被疑者ひぎしゃや受刑者じゅけいしゃなどを留置場りゅうちじょうや刑務所けいむしょなどに拘束こうそくすること。