改革|かいかくkaikaku[0]heiban (flat)

JLPT N1approx.Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbreform; reformation; reorganization
    「冬ふゆの時代じだい」が大学だいがく改革かいかくの起爆剤きばくざいとなってくれればと思おもう。↗
    So-called "winter time" is expected to enhance the college reform.
Conjugation
Dictionary form改革する(かいかくする)
Polite (masu)改革します(かいかくします)
Negative (nai)改革しない(かいかくしない)
polite (masen)改革しません(かいかくしません)
classical zu / nu改革せず・改革せぬ(かいかくせず・かいかくせぬ)
Past (ta)改革した(かいかくした)
polite (mashita)改革しました(かいかくしました)
Past negative (nakatta)改革しなかった(かいかくしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)改革しませんでした(かいかくしませんでした)
Te form改革して(かいかくして)
Potential改革できる(かいかくできる)
Passive改革される(かいかくされる)
Causative改革させる(かいかくさせる)
Causative passive改革させられる(かいかくさせられる)
Conditional (ba)改革すれば(かいかくすれば)
tara改革したら(かいかくしたら)
Volitional改革しよう(かいかくしよう)
polite (mashou)改革しましょう(かいかくしましょう)
Imperative改革しろ(かいかくしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym革新かくしんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Replacing old practices or systems with something new, stressing innovation, as in 「技術革新」; 「改革」 improves systems while keeping the framework.
  • Synonym刷新さっしんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Sweeping away flaws and renewing completely, as in 「人事を刷新する」; it stresses replacing the old more than 「改革」, often for personnel or appearance.
  • Synonym改新かいしんWrittenWritten/formal prose. Similar in sense to 「改革」 but seldom used by itself; you mostly meet it in historical names such as 「大化の改新」. In everyday use say 「改革」.
  • Synonym変革へんかくWrittenWritten/formal prose. Fundamentally changing institutions, society, or ways of thinking, as in 「意識変革」; 「改革」 improves matters while keeping the existing framework.
  • Synonym改良かいりょうNeutralNeutral. Making something better, mostly for breeds, techniques, products, or methods, as in 「品種改良」; 「改革」 targets systems and organizations.
  • RelatedかいぜんNeutralNeutral. Fixing what is bad — objects range from treatment to the environment or health; 「改革」 makes bigger changes to systems, organizations, or thinking, as in 「意識改革」.
  • Related再編成さいへんせいWrittenWritten/formal prose. Regrouping an existing organization or structure, as in 「業界の再編成」; it is only about recombining, not about improving a system the way 「改革」 is.
  • Related編成替えWrittenWritten/formal prose. Rearranging organizations, shifts, or staffing — an administrative adjustment; unlike 「改革」, it is not about whether the system itself is good.
  • Antonym保守ほしゅNeutralNeutral. Opposite in stance: it means guarding tradition and opposing drastic change, while 「改革」 seeks change; it also means maintenance, as in 「保守点検」.
  • Antonym現状維持げんじょういじNeutralNeutral. Keeping things exactly as they are; in everyday speech one says 「とりあえず現状維持で」. It stands opposite to 「改革」, which seeks change.

Use 「改革」 for improving systems, organizations, or practices while keeping the existing framework, as in 「構造改革」. For innovation choose 「革新」, for fundamental change 「変革」, for fixing bad points 「改善」, for products or techniques 「改良」, for sweeping renewal 「刷新」, for regrouping 「再編成」 or 「編成替え」; 「改新」 is seen mostly in historical names such as 「大化の改新」. 「保守」 and 「現状維持」 are the opposites.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 現時点げんじてんの体制たいせいを維持いじしつつ組織そしき・制度せいどなどを改あらためてより良よいものにすること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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