斬る|きるkiru[1]atamadaka (head-high)

JLPT N2approx.Common
Definitions
  1. godan verb, transitive verbto kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
Conjugation
Dictionary form斬る(きる)
Polite (masu)斬ります(きります)
Negative (nai)斬らない(きらない)
polite (masen)斬りません(きりません)
classical zu / nu斬らず・斬らぬ(きらず・きらぬ)
Past (ta)斬った(きった)
polite (mashita)斬りました(きりました)
Past negative (nakatta)斬らなかった(きらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)斬りませんでした(きりませんでした)
Te form斬って(きって)
Potential斬れる(きれる)
Passive斬られる(きられる)
Causative斬らせる(きらせる)
Causative passive斬らせられる・斬らされる(きらせられる・きらされる)
Conditional (ba)斬れば(きれば)
tara斬ったら(きったら)
Volitional斬ろう(きろう)
polite (mashou)斬りましょう(きりましょう)
Imperative斬れ(きれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Related断頭だんとうWrittenA written/formal noun for beheading; most familiar from 「断頭台」 (the guillotine).
  • Related斬首ざんしゅWrittenA formal noun for beheading as a punishment, as in 「斬首刑」; typical of historical and news writing.
  • RelatedはねるNeutralMeans to behead, as in 「首を刎ねる」, and is used only for that; 「斬る」 covers cutting a person down with a blade more broadly.
  • Related刎ね落とすWrittenA written/formal verb for cutting off a head; mostly seen in historical novels and rarely used.
  • Related刎落すWrittenA shortened written spelling of 「刎ね落とす」 meaning to cut off a head; rare.
  • Related刎落とすWrittenAnother written spelling of 「刎ね落とす」 meaning to cut off a head; rare.
  • Antonym生かすいかすNeutralMeans letting a person live, the opposite of cutting someone down with 「斬る」.
  • Antonym救うすくうNeutralMeans rescuing or saving someone, the opposite of cutting a person down with 「斬る」.
  • Antonym助けるたすけるNeutralMeans to help or rescue someone; stands opposite to 「斬る」.

Use 「斬る」 for cutting a person down with a blade and, figuratively, for sharp criticism (「一刀両断に斬る」「世相を斬る」). For beheading say 「首を刎ねる」; for the punishment, the noun 「斬首」. The opposites are 「生かす」 and 「救う」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 基本きほん義ぎ(切きり・斬ざん・伐ばつ・剪・截): 刃物はものなどを用もちいて、断たつ・分離ぶんりする。切り離きりはなす。切断せつだんする。
  2. 【切きる】刃物はもので二ふたつ以上いじょうに分わける。
  3. 【斬きる】刀かたな、剣けんなどの白兵はくへい(刃物はもの)で殺ころす。
  4. 【斬きる】鋭するどく批判ひはんする。欠陥けっかんを論あげつらう。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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