欠陥|けっかんkekkan[0]heiban (flat)

1. noundefect; fault; flaw; deformity; deficiency; shortage; gap
   このシステムには明あきらかな欠陥けっかんがある。↗

   This system has obvious defects.

• Synonym傷きずNeutralRefers to physical wounds or scratches, but also figurative flaws like 「経歴に傷がつく」; unlike 「欠陥」, it does not stress a missing essential element.
• Synonym欠点けってんNeutralGeneral word for the shortcomings of people or things, as in 「欠点がない」; broader in range than 「欠陥」, which stresses a missing essential element.
• Synonym短所たんしょNeutralWeak points or shortcomings, typically paired with 「長所」 as 「長所と短所」 when weighing strengths against weaknesses.
• Synonym難点なんてんWrittenWritten style. A weak point or drawback noted in evaluation, as in 「価格が難点だ」; can also mean a difficult point.
• Synonym瑕疵かしWrittenA written and legal term for a flaw or defect, as in 「瑕疵担保」; formal in register.
• Synonym不備ふびWrittenWritten style. Incompleteness or insufficient preparation, as in 「書類の不備」; stresses omissions and gaps.
• Synonym不具合ふぐあいNeutralRefers to products or systems not working properly, as in 「システムの不具合」; leans technical and business.
• SynonymぼろCasualColloquial. Literally rags or worn-out clothes, but also a shortcoming one tries to hide, as in 「ぼろが出る」.
• SynonymあらCasualColloquial. Faults or flaws, often in the set phrase 「粗を探す」, to pick faults.
• Related汚点おてんWrittenWritten style. A stain or disgraceful episode, as in 「経歴の汚点」; centers on reputation rather than a functional defect.
• Related障害しょうがいWrittenObstacles, system failures or disability, as in 「通信障害」; stresses something hindering operation rather than a missing element.
• Related落ち度おちどNeutralA blameworthy error or negligence, as in 「こちらの落ち度」; centers on responsibility rather than a defect in a thing.
• Related欠損けっそんWrittenWritten style. A missing or damaged part, or a financial loss as in 「欠損金」; stresses a part being absent.
• Related手落ちておちCasualColloquial. An oversight, as in 「手落ちがあった」; stresses something left undone at work rather than an inherent defect.
• Related非ひWrittenWritten style. A fault or wrongdoing, as in 「非を認める」; stresses being in the wrong rather than a structural defect.
• RelatedデメリットNeutralLoanword for a disadvantage or downside, as in 「デメリットがある」; usually contrasted with 「メリット」.
• Antonym完全かんぜんNeutralAntonym. Perfection or completeness, the direct opposite of 「欠陥」.
• Antonym無欠むけつWrittenAntonym. Written style, mostly in 「完全無欠」; means flawless, the opposite of 「欠陥」.

Use 「欠陥」 for a missing essential element, of things or people alike, as in 「欠陥住宅」 or 「人格に欠陥がある」. For general shortcomings pick 「欠点」 or 「短所」; for product or system malfunctions 「不具合」; for incomplete documents 「不備」; for downsides 「デメリット」. The opposite is 「完全」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 本来ほんらい持もたねばならない要素ようそを欠かいていること。