新参|しんざんshinzan[0]heiban (flat)

1. no-adjectivenewcomer; tyro

• Synonym新人しんじんNeutralThe most general term, as in 「新人賞」 and 「新人研修」; 「新参」 is more written in tone and stresses having just joined with little seniority.
• Synonym新米しんまいCasualColloquial for a novice, as in 「新米社員」; close to 「新参」 but highlights inexperience more strongly, and can also mean the year's new rice.
• Synonym新顔しんがおNeutralA new face, as in 「新顔が加わる」; stresses having just appeared on the scene rather than how deep one's seniority runs.
• SynonymニューカマーNeutralLoanword for someone newly arrived, from new immigrants to an industry's rising stars; unlike 「新参」, it does not stress shallow seniority.
• Synonym新来者しんらいしゃWrittenWritten in tone and rarely used; it only states that someone has newly arrived, more objective and neutral than 「新参」.
• Synonym新入りしんいりCasualColloquial for someone who has just joined the group, mostly used inside workplaces and circles; more casual than 「新参」.
• RelatedフレッシュマンNeutralLoanword for a university first-year or a newly hired employee, with a fresh, energetic feel; limited to schools and companies.
• Related１年生いちねんせいNeutralA first-year student, also used figuratively for a beginner, as in 「社会人一年生」; stresses being in one's first year of a field.
• Related新手あらてNeutralRead 「あらて」; fresh troops or newly added workers, or a new method; stresses fresh manpower and says nothing about seniority.
• RelatedフレッシャーNeutralLoanword for new students or new employees, but rarely used; in everyday speech 「新入生」 and 「新入社員」 are the norm.
• Related新参者しんざんものNeutralA newcomer, and usable in self-introductions like 「新参者ですが」; 「新参」 alone is the more written form.
• Related新入生しんにゅうせいNeutralStudents newly enrolled at a school, and only that; 「新参」 applies to organizations and groups more broadly.
• Antonym古参こさんNeutralSomeone with long standing, as in 「古参社員」; the direct opposite of 「新参」 in seniority.
• Antonym古手ふるてNeutralA veteran or long-serving hand, opposite to 「新参」 in seniority; it can also mean a worn, used article.

For a newcomer in general, 「新人」 is the default; in casual speech use 「新入り」 or 「新米」. Choose 「新参」 or 「新参者」 when stressing that someone has just joined and has little seniority, with 「新参」 the more written form. For long-serving members the opposites are 「古参」 and 「古手」. School and company contexts have their own words: 「新入生」, 「フレッシュマン」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 新あらたに仕官しかんや奉公ほうこうすること。また、そのような人ひと。
2. 新あらたに組織そしきなどに加入かにゅうすること。また、そのような人ひと。