極まる・窮まる|きわまるkiwamaru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

Common
Which spelling to use
極まる極まる(きわまる) is the most common form and the recommended choice for beginners. It is the form learners should use in their own writing and expect to encounter most often.
窮まる窮まる(きわまる) is less common than 極まる(きわまる). It is a kanji-and-kana variant that learners may encounter, but beginners should choose 極まる(きわまる).
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto reach an extreme; to reach a limit; to terminate; to come to an end
  2. auxiliary verb, prenominal modifier, godan verbextremelyafter adjectival noun. e.g. 退屈極まる話
    He haunts the lowest resorts.
  3. godan verb, intransitive verbto be stuck; to be in a dilemma; to be at a lossesp. 窮まる. occ. 谷まる
  4. godan verb, intransitive verbto be decided; to be settled
Conjugation
Dictionary form極まる(きわまる)
Polite (masu)極まります(きわまります)
Negative (nai)極まらない(きわまらない)
polite (masen)極まりません(きわまりません)
classical zu / nu極まらず・極まらぬ(きわまらず・きわまらぬ)
Past (ta)極まった(きわまった)
polite (mashita)極まりました(きわまりました)
Past negative (nakatta)極まらなかった(きわまらなかった)
polite (masen deshita)極まりませんでした(きわまりませんでした)
Te form極まって(きわまって)
Potential極まれる(きわまれる)
Passive極まられる(きわまられる)
Causative極まらせる(きわまらせる)
Causative passive極まらせられる・極まらされる(きわまらせられる・きわまらされる)
Conditional (ba)極まれば(きわまれば)
tara極まったら(きわまったら)
Volitional極まろう(きわまろう)
polite (mashou)極まりましょう(きわまりましょう)
Imperative極まれ(きわまれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Transitive / intransitive pair
intransitive極まるきわまる⇄transitive極めるきわめる
芸げいが極きわまる
芸げいを極きわめる
極まる focuses on the event or resulting state, as in 芸が極まる; 極める foregrounds the agent acting on something, as in 芸を極める.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 極限きょくげんまで達たっする。
  2. (形容けいよう動詞どうしの語幹ごかんに付ついて)この上うえなく~である。
  3. 行き詰いきづまって動うごきが取とれずに困こまる。
Kanji in this word

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