模造・摸造|もぞうmozou[0]heiban (flat)
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Which spelling to use
模造模造 is the more common written form. Learners should use 模造 as their default spelling.
摸造摸造 is a less common written variant of 模造. Beginners should use 模造 as their default spelling instead.
Definitions
- suru verb, transitive verb, no-adjectiveimitation; counterfeit; fake; sham; ersatz (object)
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 模造する（もぞうする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 模造します（もぞうします） |
| Negative (nai) | 模造しない（もぞうしない） |
| polite (masen) | 模造しません（もぞうしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 模造せず・模造せぬ（もぞうせず・もぞうせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 模造した（もぞうした） |
| polite (mashita) | 模造しました（もぞうしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 模造しなかった（もぞうしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 模造しませんでした（もぞうしませんでした） |
| Te form | 模造して（もぞうして） |
| Potential | 模造できる（もぞうできる） |
| Passive | 模造される（もぞうされる） |
| Causative | 模造させる（もぞうさせる） |
| Causative passive | 模造させられる（もぞうさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 模造すれば（もぞうすれば） |
| tara | 模造したら（もぞうしたら） |
| Volitional | 模造しよう（もぞうしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 模造しましょう（もぞうしましょう） |
| Imperative | 模造しろ（もぞうしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym偽物にせものNeutralA fake or counterfeit, common in everyday speech; 「模造」 refers to the act of imitation-making itself.
- Synonym偽にせWrittenWritten style, mostly a prefix as in 「偽札」; the emphasis is on deception.
- Synonym模倣もほうNeutralImitating another person's actions or works; 「模造」 stresses making physical imitations.
- SynonymレプリカNeutralLoanword for replicas of trophies and artworks; free of any negative shade.
- SynonymいかものCasualColloquial word for a fake; can also mean something odd, as in 「いかもの食い」.
- Synonym複製品ふくせいひんNeutralThe copied object itself; 「模造品」 is something made in imitation of the real thing, sometimes openly labelled as such.
- Synonym模作もさくWrittenWritten style, for works created in imitation of another's work; rarely used.
- Related複製ふくせいNeutralReproduction or duplication, as of paintings; 「模造」 centres on manufacturing things modelled on the real thing.
- Related模写もしゃWrittenCopying paintings or calligraphy, as in 「名画の模写」; the emphasis is on faithful tracing.
- Related写しうつしNeutralA copied document or duplicate; also a facsimile of paintings, calligraphy or objects.
- Related写すうつすNeutralA wide-ranging verb for copying and photographing; 「模造」 stresses making physical imitations.
- RelatedコピーNeutralLoanword for photocopying and copying; the everyday default.
- Related複写ふくしゃNeutralPhotocopying or duplicating; leans toward office contexts.
- RelatedかたどるWrittenWritten style, for making something shaped after a model, as in 「花を象った菓子」.
- Related模するもするWrittenWritten style, to imitate, as in 「〜を模した建物」; leans toward shape and form.
- Related写し取るうつしとるNeutralCopying or tracing something exactly from the original; centres on text or images.
- Related謄写とうしゃWrittenWritten style, for transcribing or mimeographing; rarely used.
- Antonym本物ほんものNeutralThe genuine article; the opposite of the imitation-making that 「模造」 describes.
- Antonym真作しんさくWrittenAn authentic work of art; the opposite of the imitations 「模造」 produces.
「模造」 is for making things modelled on the real thing, as in 「模造刀」 and 「模造紙」. For fakes use 「偽物」 (colloquially 「いか物」), and for reproductions 「レプリカ」 or 「複製」. For copying text or images use 「写す」 or 「コピー」; for tracing artworks 「模写」. The real thing is 「本物」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
