複製|ふくせいfukusei[0]heiban (flat)

1. noun, suru verb, transitive verbreproduction; duplication; reprinting
   君きみが見みている絵えはピカソの複製ふくせいだ。↗

   The picture you are looking at is a copy of a Picasso.

• Synonym模写もしゃNeutralTracing or copying a painting or calligraphy work by hand; stresses manual imitation, while 「複製」 covers copying in general, including by machine.
• Synonym複写ふくしゃNeutralPhotocopying or duplicating; centres on copying documents and is at home in office paperwork, where 「複製」 sounds broader and more formal.
• Synonym写しうつしNeutralA copy or transcript of a document, as in 「写しを取る」; a noun for the copy itself rather than the act of reproducing.
• SynonymコピーNeutralLoanword for copying or photocopying and the everyday default; it can also mean an advertising slogan.
• SynonymレプリカNeutralLoanword for a replica or reproduction model, as in 「レプリカユニフォーム」; typical of trophies and artworks.
• Related写すうつすNeutralA verb with broad uses, from copying text to taking photos; 「複製」 also works as 「複製する」 but is more formal and means exact reproduction.
• Related書写しょしゃNeutralCopying characters by hand; also the school subject 「書写」, handwriting lessons, so the focus is on writing characters.
• Related写本しゃほんWrittenWritten/formal: a hand-copied book, as opposed to a printed one; often a manuscript of an old text.
• Related謄本とうほんWrittenWritten/formal: an official certified copy, as in 「戸籍謄本」, the certified copy of a family register.
• Related模倣もほうNeutralImitating others; it names the act of imitation, not a reproduction or a copy of an object.
• Related模造もぞうNeutralMaking an imitation, as in 「模造品」 or 「模造刀」; stresses imitation manufacture rather than exact reproduction.
• Related写し取るうつしとるNeutralTo copy something down exactly as in the original; stresses hand-copying or transcribing the content, not machine reproduction.
• Related謄写とうしゃWrittenWritten/formal: transcribing or mimeographing; old-fashioned today, surviving mostly in 「謄写版」, the mimeograph.
• Related複製品ふくせいひんNeutralA noun for the finished reproduction, the object itself; 「複製」 can also refer to the act of reproducing.
• Related写字しゃじWrittenWritten/formal: transcribing characters; rare even in formal prose, and focused on copying out the text.
• Related臨写りんしゃWrittenWritten/formal: copying while looking at the original; a calligraphy term for practising brushwork.
• Related模作もさくWrittenWritten/formal: a work created in imitation of another's; an imitation piece, not an exact reproduction.
• Related筆写ひっしゃWrittenWritten/formal: copying by hand with a pen; stresses handwriting without machines, unlike 「複製」.
• Antonym原本げんぽんNeutralThe original document or work; the direct opposite of a 「複製」.

Use 「複製」 for reproducing works or data and for copying in the copyright sense, as in 「無断複製禁止」. For everyday photocopying say 「コピー」; for tracing a painting or calligraphy by hand, 「模写」; for the reproduction as an object, 「複製品」; reproductions of trophies or artworks are also 「レプリカ」. The opposite is 「原本」, the original.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 元もとの物ものと同おなじものを作つくること。または、そのように作つくられたもの。