申す|もうすmousu[1]atamadaka (head-high)

1. godan verb, transitive verbto say; to be called
   こちらはスミスと申もうします。ジョンソンさんはおいででしょうか。↗

   This is Mr Smith speaking. Is Mr Johnson in?
2. godan verb, transitive verbto doafter a word beginning with お- or ご-

• Synonym言ういうNeutralThe plain, most common word for 'say', with no honorific coloring; 「申す」 is humble language, used only for your own or your side's speech or naming.
• Synonym申し上げるもうしあげるFormalMore strongly humble than 「申す」, for stating things to someone you respect; it also builds the pattern 「お～申し上げる」.
• Synonym述べるのべるWrittenStates opinions or facts with no humble nuance, and can also mean putting things in writing; the tone leans toward formal prose.
• SynonymおっしゃるFormalPoints the honorifics the opposite way: 「仰る」 raises the person speaking, while 「申す」 lowers yourself or your side.
• Synonym申し述べるもうしのべるFormalA humble form of 「述べる」, confined to solemnly stating opinions or circumstances; rare in modern usage.
• Related言い表すいいあらわすNeutralFocuses on putting thoughts or feelings into words, with no honorific coloring; it also has a sense of confessing.
• Related物申すものもうすWrittenA literary expression mostly meaning to raise an objection or voice discontent, as in 「政府に物申す」; in old times it also served as a call at the door.
• RelatedのたまうWrittenAn archaic honorific for a superior or deity speaking; today it is often used ironically of someone talking as if an authority.
• Related仰せられるおおせられるFormalAn honorific for a superior's words, pointing the opposite way from humble 「申す」; the tone is archaic.
• Related言上ごんじょうWrittenA Sino-Japanese word for respectfully reporting to a superior, usually as 「言上する」; archaic and rarely used today.

Use 「申す」 for your own or your side's saying or being called; 「申し上げる」 when stating something to a superior in person; 「仰る」 for what someone else says; if no honorific is needed, plain 「言う」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. ことばで伝つたえる。また、ある名前なまえで呼よばれる。
2. ある行動こうどうをする。実行じっこうする。