発議|はつぎhatsugi[1]atamadaka (head-high)
ほつぎhotsugi[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbproposal; suggestion; motion; initiative
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 発議する（はつぎする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 発議します（はつぎします） |
| Negative (nai) | 発議しない（はつぎしない） |
| polite (masen) | 発議しません（はつぎしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 発議せず・発議せぬ（はつぎせず・はつぎせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 発議した（はつぎした） |
| polite (mashita) | 発議しました（はつぎしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 発議しなかった（はつぎしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 発議しませんでした（はつぎしませんでした） |
| Te form | 発議して（はつぎして） |
| Potential | 発議できる（はつぎできる） |
| Passive | 発議される（はつぎされる） |
| Causative | 発議させる（はつぎさせる） |
| Causative passive | 発議させられる（はつぎさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 発議すれば（はつぎすれば） |
| tara | 発議したら（はつぎしたら） |
| Volitional | 発議しよう（はつぎしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 発議しましょう（はつぎしましょう） |
| Imperative | 発議しろ（はつぎしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym発案はつあんWrittenWritten. Coming up with a plan or idea — being the first to think of it, as in 「〜の発案で始まる」. The emphasis is on where the idea came from.
- Synonym提案ていあんNeutralNeutral and the most general word for a proposal or suggestion, as in 「提案書」. Not tied to meetings — the default choice in most situations.
- Synonym提言ていげんWrittenWritten. Publicly putting forward one's views; leans toward advocacy on social and policy issues.
- Synonym動議どうぎWrittenWritten. A motion raised on the spot at a meeting to take up an unplanned agenda item, as in 「緊急動議」.
- Synonym建議けんぎWrittenWritten. Formally putting views to an authority; once Diet members advising the government, still used today. 「発議」 stresses tabling a matter for debate.
- SynonymプロポーザルNeutralNeutral loanword for a proposal asking the other side to carry out a plan or project, in business and the public sector alike, as in 「プロポーザル方式」.
- Synonym申し出もうしでNeutralNeutral. Voluntarily coming forward with an application or suggestion, as in 「協力の申し出」.
- Synonym提議ていぎWrittenWritten. Raising a topic or motion at a meeting; very close to 「発議」, but leaning toward meeting procedure.
- Related申し入れもうしいれWrittenWritten. Formally presenting a demand or request to the other party, as in 「抗議の申し入れ」.
- Related献策けんさくWrittenWritten. Offering stratagems to a superior; the flavor is of an advisor's counsel.
- Related建言けんげんWrittenWritten. Submitting opinions to official bodies; rare today, and the opinions carry a formal tone.
- Antonym撤回てっかいWrittenWritten. Withdrawing something already put forward — the opposite of 「発議」.
For an ordinary proposal or suggestion, use 「提案」. 「発議」 is for formally tabling a matter for deliberation at a meeting or in the Diet, as in 「憲法改正の発議」; a motion raised on the spot is 「動議」, and the origin of an idea is 「発案」. 「提言」 is public advocacy, 「プロポーザル」 a proposal for business or public projects, 「申し出」 a voluntary offer, 「申し入れ」 a formal demand. To take a proposal back is 「撤回」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
Kanji in this word
