相似|そうじsouji[0]heiban (flat)

Common
Definitions
  1. noun, suru verb, intransitive verbresemblance; likeness; similitude
  2. na-adjective, no-adjective, mathsimilarity
  3. noun, biologyanalogy
Conjugation
Dictionary form相似する(そうじする)
Polite (masu)相似します(そうじします)
Negative (nai)相似しない(そうじしない)
polite (masen)相似しません(そうじしません)
classical zu / nu相似せず・相似せぬ(そうじせず・そうじせぬ)
Past (ta)相似した(そうじした)
polite (mashita)相似しました(そうじしました)
Past negative (nakatta)相似しなかった(そうじしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)相似しませんでした(そうじしませんでした)
Te form相似して(そうじして)
Potential相似できる(そうじできる)
Passive相似される(そうじされる)
Causative相似させる(そうじさせる)
Causative passive相似させられる(そうじさせられる)
Conditional (ba)相似すれば(そうじすれば)
tara相似したら(そうじしたら)
Volitional相似しよう(そうじしよう)
polite (mashou)相似しましょう(そうじしましょう)
Imperative相似しろ(そうじしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym類似るいじNeutralCommon in both speech and writing for having many features in common; 「相似」 is mostly kept for geometry and biology, where it has a technical sense.
  • Synonym酷似こくじNeutralMuch stronger than 「相似」: so alike that the two are almost indistinguishable, as in 「犯人に酷似した男」.
  • Synonym似るにるNeutralThe most common everyday verb for resembling, as in 「父に似る」.
  • Synonym類するるいするWrittenAlso written 「類する」; common in phrases like 「これに類する行為」, meaning of the same kind.
  • Related似寄りによりNeutralAn old colloquial word for a point of resemblance; rarely used today — say 「似ているところ」 instead.
  • Related類いするたぐいするWrittenWritten style, usually as 「…に類する」; it is about belonging to the same category rather than looking alike.
  • RelatedアナロジーWrittenA loanword for analogy as a way of reasoning; it names a thinking method, not a state of being similar.
  • Related似寄るによるNeutralAn old colloquial verb meaning to look alike; little used today — just say 「似る」.
  • Related類比るいひWrittenWritten word for inferring or comparing based on shared features; a method of reasoning, not a description of similarity.
  • Related類似性るいじせいWrittenAn abstract noun for the degree or property of being similar; mostly seen in academic analysis.
  • Antonym相違そういNeutralAntonym: two things differing or failing to match, as in 「意見の相違」; a common, neutral word.
  • Antonym差異さいWrittenAntonym in written style: a point of difference or disparity between things compared, as in 「性能の差異」.

For everyday speech use 「似る」/「似ている」. In writing, 「類似」 is the usual word for similarity and 「酷似」 for near-identical looks. 「相似」 itself is mostly a mathematics or biology term. For the opposite, 「相違」 is a difference or disagreement, and 「差異」 a written word for a difference.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 形かたちや性質せいしつがよく似にていること。
  2. ある図形ずけいを拡大かくだい・縮小しゅくしょうすると他ほかの図形ずけいと完全かんぜんに重ね合かさねあわせることができるような関係かんけい。
  3. n次じ行列ぎょうれつA, Bに対たいして、B=P⁻¹APを満みたす正則せいそくn次つぎ行列ぎょうれつPが存在そんざいすること。
  4. 発生はっせい起源きげんが異ことなっているが外観がいかんや機能きのうが似にている器官きかん。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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