異なる・異る|ことなるkotonaru[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N3approx.Common
Which spelling to use
異なる異なる(ことなる) is the most common written form and the recommended default for beginners. Use it by default when writing.
異る異る(ことなる) is a less common written variant of 異なる. It combines kanji and kana but uses irregular okurigana, so learners should not choose it by default.
Definitions
  1. godan verb, intransitive verbto differ; to be different; to disagree; to vary; to diverge
    彼かれらの意見いけんは私のとは異ことなっている。↗
    Their opinions differ from mine.
Conjugation
Dictionary form異なる(ことなる)
Polite (masu)異なります(ことなります)
Negative (nai)異ならない(ことならない)
polite (masen)異なりません(ことなりません)
classical zu / nu異ならず・異ならぬ(ことならず・ことならぬ)
Past (ta)異なった(ことなった)
polite (mashita)異なりました(ことなりました)
Past negative (nakatta)異ならなかった(ことならなかった)
polite (masen deshita)異なりませんでした(ことなりませんでした)
Te form異なって(ことなって)
Potential異なれる(ことなれる)
Passive異なられる(ことなられる)
Causative異ならせる(ことならせる)
Causative passive異ならせられる・異ならされる(ことならせられる・ことならされる)
Conditional (ba)異なれば(ことなれば)
tara異なったら(ことなったら)
Volitional異なろう(ことなろう)
polite (mashou)異なりましょう(ことなりましょう)
Imperative異なれ(ことなれ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym違うちがうNeutralThe most common everyday word; it can also mean 'wrong' or 'mistaken'. 「異なる」 leans written and only states difference, with no right/wrong sense.
  • Synonym相異なるあいことなるWrittenWritten style stressing that things differ from each other, common in academic papers, as in 「相異なる二つの意見」; in daily speech use 「異なる」 or 「違う」.
  • Related食い違うくいちがうNeutralFor statements or opinions that should match but don't, as in 「証言が食い違う」; 「異なる」 merely states a difference objectively, without that mismatch nuance.
  • Related相違そういWrittenThe noun for difference or discrepancy, in written style; common in 「相違ない」 and 「相違点」. 「異なる」 is the verb.
  • Related異にすることにするWrittenA written set phrase for differing in some respect, as in 「意見を異にする」 or 「趣を異にする」; 「異なる」 is the more general, all-purpose word.
  • Related別様べつようWrittenWritten and rare; describes a look or method unlike the usual one. In everyday speech say 「別の」 or use 「異なる」.
  • Antonym同じおなじNeutralThe everyday antonym: 'same, identical'. It stands opposite 「異なる」 on the same/different axis and is the most common word in daily use.
  • Antonym等しいひとしいNeutralSays two or more things are equal in quantity or value; leans written or mathematical, unlike 「異なる」's plain 'not the same'.
  • Antonym一致するNeutralThe antonym for agreement: opinions, data and the like match or coincide, the reverse of 「異なる」's stating a difference.

For 'different', everyday speech defaults to 「違う」; 「異なる」 is the written, expository choice and carries no right/wrong sense. Use 「食い違う」 when things that should match don't, 「相違」 as the written noun, and the set phrase 「意見を異にする」. 「相異なる」 stresses mutual difference in academic prose. Antonyms: 「同じ」, 「一致する」, 「等しい」.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 複数ふくすうのものが同一どういつでなく、差異さいを持もっている。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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