科する|かするkasuru[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

Common
Definitions
  1. suru verb (irregular), transitive verbto inflict; to impose (a fine, etc.)
    裁判官さいばんかんは彼かれに重おもい罰金ばっきんを科かせるのだろうか。↗
    Will the judge fine him heavily?
Conjugation
Dictionary form科する(かする)
Polite (masu)科します(かします)
Negative (nai)科しない(かしない)
polite (masen)科しません(かしません)
classical zu / nu科せず・科せぬ(かせず・かせぬ)
Past (ta)科した(かした)
polite (mashita)科しました(かしました)
Past negative (nakatta)科しなかった(かしなかった)
polite (masen deshita)科しませんでした(かしませんでした)
Te form科して(かして)
Potential科できる(かできる)
Passive科される(かされる)
Causative科させる(かさせる)
Causative passive科させられる(かさせられる)
Conditional (ba)科すれば(かすれば)
tara科したら(かしたら)
Volitional科しよう(かしよう)
polite (mashou)科しましょう(かしましょう)
Imperative科しろ(かしろ)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym課すかすNeutralNeutral. Takes burdens such as taxes, tasks and duties — 「宿題を課す」. 「科する」 focuses on inflicting punishment or the like.
  • Synonym課するかするNeutralNeutral. Mostly for levying taxes and imposing duties, and can also be used of a fine; 「科する」 is more strictly confined to punishments and the like.
  • Synonym賦課ふかFormalFormal. A noun for levying taxes and fees — 「固定資産税の賦課」; an administrative term, not normally used of punishments.
  • Related賦するふするWrittenWritten/formal prose. To allocate or apportion, or to compose poetry and prose, with no sense of punishment; it only brushes 「科する」 in assigning a burden to people.
  • Antonym許すゆるすNeutralNeutral and very common, with a broad sense of forgiving, pardoning or allowing; it opposes 「科する」 in excusing an offence and letting it go unpunished.
  • Antonym免じるめんじるWrittenWritten/formal prose. Exempts from duties or penalties and can also mean dismissing from a post; it stands opposite to 「科する」 in imposing versus remitting punishment.

Use 「科する」 for inflicting a punishment or similar penalty, as in 「罰金を科する」. For taxes, tasks and duties use 「課す」/「課する」, and 「賦課」 for levying taxes and fees. 「免じる」 and 「許す」 are the opposites: exempting from or forgiving a penalty.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 罰ばつまたはそれに類るいするものを与あたえる。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents

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