How to say "inflict" in Japanese

• 科するかするCommon
  suru verb (irregular), transitive verbThe common choice for 'inflict' as in imposing a penalty: a court inflicts a fine or other punishment on an offender. It is the word you want for fines and comparable penalties.
  裁判官さいばんかんは彼かれに重おもい罰金ばっきんを科かせるのだろうか。↗

  Will the judge fine him heavily?
• 科すかす
  godan verbA less common variant of 科する with the same meaning — to inflict or impose a fine or similar penalty. Unless you have a particular reason, reach for 科する instead.
• 負わすおわす
  godan verb, transitive verbLess common; covers 'inflict' in the sense of making someone bear something unwelcome — a burden or hardship, visiting it upon them. For fines and penalties, 科する is the usual choice.

「科する」 is the common word for inflicting a penalty such as a fine; 「科す」 means the same but is less common; 「負わす」, also less common, is for making someone bear a burden or hardship.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

• 科するかするto inflict
• 科すかすto inflict
• 負わすおわすto impose
• 食わすくわすto inflict (damage)
• かますto inflict (a blow)
• 食わせるくわせるto inflict (damage)
• かませるto inflict (a blow)
• 加えるくわえるto inflict (damage)