罰する|ばっするbassuru[0]heiban (flat)
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- suru verb (irregular), transitive verbto punish; to penalize; to penaliseどうしてあなたは彼らを罰しているのですか。↗What are you punishing them for?
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 罰する(ばっする) |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 罰します(ばっします) |
| Negative (nai) | 罰しない(ばっしない) |
| polite (masen) | 罰しません(ばっしません) |
| classical zu / nu | 罰せず・罰せぬ(ばっせず・ばっせぬ) |
| Past (ta) | 罰した(ばっした) |
| polite (mashita) | 罰しました(ばっしました) |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 罰しなかった(ばっしなかった) |
| polite (masen deshita) | 罰しませんでした(ばっしませんでした) |
| Te form | 罰して(ばっして) |
| Potential | 罰できる(ばっできる) |
| Passive | 罰される(ばっされる) |
| Causative | 罰させる(ばっさせる) |
| Causative passive | 罰させられる(ばっさせられる) |
| Conditional (ba) | 罰すれば(ばっすれば) |
| tara | 罰したら(ばっしたら) |
| Volitional | 罰しよう(ばっしよう) |
| polite (mashou) | 罰しましょう(ばっしましょう) |
| Imperative | 罰しろ(ばっしろ) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym処罰しょばつNeutralPunishment imposed under law or rules, as in 「厳しく処罰する」; leans formal and institutional, where 「罰する」 is the plainer verb.
- Synonym懲罰ちょうばつNeutralPunishment given to discipline someone, as in 「懲罰委員会」; carries a corrective nuance and is typical within organizations.
- Synonym処するしょするWrittenWritten style. In the pattern 「死刑に処する」 it means sentencing someone to a penalty; it can also mean handling or dealing with matters.
- Related処分しょぶんNeutralCovers disposal or handling of things as well as disciplinary measures like 「停学処分」; broader than 「罰する」 and not limited to punishment.
- Related仕置きしおきNeutralPunishment, especially spanking a child, or Edo-period criminal punishment; has an old-fashioned or domestic flavor.
- Related成敗せいばいWrittenAn archaic word for punishing or judging, best known from 「喧嘩両成敗」; carries a strong historical flavor.
- Related懲らしめるこらしめるNeutralTo teach someone a lesson so they will not repeat the offense, as in 「悪者を懲らしめる」; common in everyday speech.
- Related懲らすこらすNeutralMeans the same—punishing a wrongdoer so they will not reoffend—and 「懲らしめる」 derives from it; rare today, where people say 「懲らしめる」.
- Related膺懲ようちょうWrittenWritten word for chastising or punishing an enemy; very rare in modern use, where 「懲らしめる」 is said instead.
- Antonym褒めるほめるNeutralTo praise someone; the direct opposite of punishing with 「罰する」.
- Antonym賞するしょうするWrittenWritten style for praising or admiring; stands opposite to the punishing 「罰する」.
Use 「罰する」 to punish wrongdoing. For punishment under law or rules say 「処罰」; for disciplinary measures like 「停学処分」 say 「処分」; for teaching a lesson say 「懲らしめる」; for sentencing to a penalty say 「処する」. The opposite of punishing is 「褒める」.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
- 〔何かに〕罰を与える。


