処罰|しょばつshobatsu[1]atamadaka (head-high)
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Definitions
- noun, suru verb, transitive verbpunishment; penalty
Conjugation
| Dictionary form | 処罰する（しょばつする） |
|---|---|
| Polite (masu) | 処罰します（しょばつします） |
| Negative (nai) | 処罰しない（しょばつしない） |
| polite (masen) | 処罰しません（しょばつしません） |
| classical zu / nu | 処罰せず・処罰せぬ（しょばつせず・しょばつせぬ） |
| Past (ta) | 処罰した（しょばつした） |
| polite (mashita) | 処罰しました（しょばつしました） |
| Past negative (nakatta) | 処罰しなかった（しょばつしなかった） |
| polite (masen deshita) | 処罰しませんでした（しょばつしませんでした） |
| Te form | 処罰して（しょばつして） |
| Potential | 処罰できる（しょばつできる） |
| Passive | 処罰される（しょばつされる） |
| Causative | 処罰させる（しょばつさせる） |
| Causative passive | 処罰させられる（しょばつさせられる） |
| Conditional (ba) | 処罰すれば（しょばつすれば） |
| tara | 処罰したら（しょばつしたら） |
| Volitional | 処罰しよう（しょばつしよう） |
| polite (mashou) | 処罰しましょう（しょばつしましょう） |
| Imperative | 処罰しろ（しょばつしろ） |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
Synonyms & antonyms
- Synonym懲罰ちょうばつWrittenWritten register. Discipline meant to teach a lesson and deter others; also sanctions imposed on Diet members. 「処罰」 is formal punishment of rule-breakers.
- Synonym刑罰けいばつWrittenWritten register. Legal penalties such as imprisonment or fines. 「処罰」 is broader, covering administrative and disciplinary punishment as well.
- SynonymペナルティーNeutralLoanword for penalties such as fines, often in sports. 「処罰」 is used mainly for legal and regulatory punishment.
- Synonym懲戒ちょうかいWrittenWritten register. Disciplinary action for civil servants and the like, as in 「懲戒免職」. 「処罰」 covers a wider range.
- Synonym罰ばつNeutralPunishment from the gods, retribution, as in 「罰が当たる」. 「処罰」 is punishment imposed by people.
- Synonym罰するばっするWrittenWritten verb: to punish, on the formal side. 「処罰」 is the noun.
- Related戒めいましめNeutralAdmonition, warning or prohibition — aimed at preventing wrongdoing beforehand. 「処罰」 is the actual punishment imposed afterwards.
- Related処分しょぶんNeutralDisciplinary measures such as expulsion or suspension, and also disposal of things. 「処罰」 focuses on the punishment itself.
- Related制裁せいさいNeutralPunishing those who break rules or discipline — by individuals, groups or states, as in 「経済制裁」. 「処罰」 leans to legal and regulatory punishment.
- Related罰ばちNeutralPunishment from the gods, retribution, as in 「罰が当たる」. 「処罰」 is punishment imposed by people.
- Related処するしょするWrittenWritten verb: to sentence or deal with, as in 「懲役に処する」. 「処罰」 is a noun.
- Related仕置きしおきNeutralPunishing a child, or criminal punishment in the Edo period (esp. execution). 「処罰」 is modern and formal.
- Related成敗せいばいWrittenWritten register. Judging and punishing, with an old-fashioned ring, as in 「喧嘩両成敗」. For modern punishment, say 「処罰」.
- Relatedお仕置きおしおきCasualColloquial word for punishing children, e.g. a spanking. 「処罰」 is formal.
- Related懲らしめこらしめNeutralNoun for chastisement, with the nuance of making someone suffer for it. 「処罰」 is formal and institutional.
- Related懲らすこらすNeutralVerb: to punish or discipline someone so they will not offend again; not very common. 「処罰」 is a noun and more formal.
- Related天罰てんばつNeutralPunishment from heaven, retribution. 「処罰」 is punishment imposed by people.
- Related天誅てんちゅうWrittenWritten register. Punishment from heaven, or punishing evildoers in heaven's stead; old-fashioned, as in 「天誅が下る」. 「処罰」 is modern, human punishment.
- Related罪するつみするWrittenWritten word for charging and punishing someone; rare. 「罰する」 or 「処罰」 is the usual choice.
- Related処すしょすWrittenWritten verb, now also conjugated as a godan verb; same sense as 「処する」 — to sentence, as in 「死刑に処す」. 「処罰」 is the noun for punishment itself.
- Antonym表彰ひょうしょうNeutralOfficial commendation of good deeds and achievements — the opposite of 「処罰」, which punishes wrongdoing.
- Antonym恩赦おんしゃWrittenWritten register. Amnesty or pardon that remits a confirmed sentence — the opposite of 「処罰」.
Use 「処罰」 for formal punishment of those who break rules or laws, as in 「処罰対象」. For criminal penalties under the law say 「刑罰」; for disciplinary measures 「懲戒」 or 「処分」; for sanctions 「制裁」; for divine retribution 「罰」 or 「天罰」. Punishing children is 「お仕置き」, and the common verb is 「罰する」. The antonym 「表彰」 rewards good deeds.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only
Japanese definitions
- 罰を与えること。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also
