苦い|にがいnigai[2]nakadaka (mid-high)

JLPT N4approx.Common
Definitions
  1. i-adjectivebitter
    私は苦にがいものが好すきだ。↗
    I have a fancy for bitter things.
Conjugation
Plain form苦い(にがい)
Polite (desu)苦いです(にがいです)
Negative (kunai)苦くない(にがくない)
polite (ku arimasen)苦くありません(にがくありません)
Past (katta)苦かった(にがかった)
Past negative (kunakatta)苦くなかった(にがくなかった)
Te form (kute)苦くて(にがくて)
Adverbial (ku)苦く(にがく)
Conditional (kereba)苦ければ(にがければ)
kattara苦かったら(にがかったら)

Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.

Synonyms & antonyms
  • Synonym苦々しいにがにがしいWrittenWritten/formal prose for something deeply unpleasant, as in 「苦々しい思い」 or 「苦々しい表情」; not a word for taste.
  • SynonymビターCasualColloquial loanword meaning bitter in taste, as in 「ビターチョコ」; used mainly of food and drink.
  • Related渋いしぶいNeutralCovers astringent taste, as in 「渋い柿」, and understated, tasteful simplicity, as in 「渋い色」; for bitter flavor itself, 「苦い」 is the word.
  • Antonym甘いあまいNeutralThe direct opposite of 「苦い」: sweet, as in 「甘いお菓子」.

「苦い」 is the default for bitter taste. Choose 「渋い」 for astringency, 「苦々しい」 for strong displeasure in formal prose, 「ビター」 for bitter foods, and 「甘い」 for sweet.

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

Japanese definitions
  1. 薬くすりや毒どくなどのしびれるような味あじである。
  2. 快こころよくない。不快ふかいに感かんじている様子ようす。
  3. 事物じぶつが苦くるしさを感かんじさせる。思い出おもいだしたくないほどつらい。
Kanji in this word
English equivalents
See also

JLPT vocabulary levels are community estimates, not official (no official lists have been published since the 2010 revision).

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