苦い|にがいnigai[2]nakadaka (mid-high)
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- i-adjectivebitter私は苦いものが好きだ。↗I have a fancy for bitter things.
Conjugation
| Plain form | 苦い(にがい) |
|---|---|
| Polite (desu) | 苦いです(にがいです) |
| Negative (kunai) | 苦くない(にがくない) |
| polite (ku arimasen) | 苦くありません(にがくありません) |
| Past (katta) | 苦かった(にがかった) |
| Past negative (kunakatta) | 苦くなかった(にがくなかった) |
| Te form (kute) | 苦くて(にがくて) |
| Adverbial (ku) | 苦く(にがく) |
| Conditional (kereba) | 苦ければ(にがければ) |
| kattara | 苦かったら(にがかったら) |
Common forms generated by rule; see the senses for honorific or irregular usage.
- Synonym苦々しいにがにがしいWrittenWritten/formal prose for something deeply unpleasant, as in 「苦々しい思い」 or 「苦々しい表情」; not a word for taste.
- SynonymビターCasualColloquial loanword meaning bitter in taste, as in 「ビターチョコ」; used mainly of food and drink.
- Related渋いしぶいNeutralCovers astringent taste, as in 「渋い柿」, and understated, tasteful simplicity, as in 「渋い色」; for bitter flavor itself, 「苦い」 is the word.
- Antonym甘いあまいNeutralThe direct opposite of 「苦い」: sweet, as in 「甘いお菓子」.
「苦い」 is the default for bitter taste. Choose 「渋い」 for astringency, 「苦々しい」 for strong displeasure in formal prose, 「ビター」 for bitter foods, and 「甘い」 for sweet.
Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only


