間違い|まちがいmachigai[3]nakadaka (mid-high)

1. nounmistake; error; blunder
   この本ほんは間違まちがいだらけだ。↗

   This book is full of mistakes.
2. nounaccident; mishap; trouble
3. nounimproper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion

• Synonym過ちあやまちWrittenWritten word for faults or wrongdoing in one's conduct, as in 「過ちを犯す」; heavier than 「間違い」, and not usually used for wrong answers or miscalculations.
• SynonymミスNeutralLoanword for careless or operational slips, as in 「ケアレスミス」; very common in speech. 「間違い」 also covers errors of understanding or judgement.
• SynonymエラーNeutralLoanword mostly for program or machine error messages and baseball fielding errors. For everyday slips by people, 「間違い」 or 「ミス」 is the usual word.
• Synonym過誤かごWrittenWritten word for errors or faults, common in legal and medical contexts, as in 「医療過誤」. In daily life, say 「間違い」.
• Synonym過失かしつWrittenA fault from carelessness, often implying damage and liability; formal, as in the legal term 「過失致死」. 「間違い」 does not necessarily involve responsibility.
• Synonym誤りあやまりWrittenMuch the same meaning as 「間違い」 and interchangeable with it, but more written and formal, as in 「誤りを正す」. Speech prefers 「間違い」.
• Synonym錯誤さくごWrittenWritten word for a belief at odds with the facts, mostly in compounds like 「試行錯誤」 and 「時代錯誤」; in law, a mismatch between intent and declaration.
• Synonym手違いてちがいNeutralConfined to mix-ups in paperwork, arrangements or procedures, as in 「事務的な手違い」; often used when apologising. 「間違い」 is more general.
• Synonym落ち度おちどNeutralA blameworthy lapse, focused on who is responsible, as in 「こちらの落ち度です」. 「間違い」 merely says a mistake was made.
• Synonym失策しっさくWrittenA blunder in policy or decision-making, written in flavour; also a term for a fielding error in baseball. 「間違い」 carries no sense of strategic judgement.
• Synonym失態しったいWrittenA blunder that costs face, an embarrassing gaffe, as in 「失態を演じる」; losing dignity is the point. Written in flavour; 「間違い」 implies no loss of face.
• Synonym間違えまちがえNeutralNoun form of 「間違える」: concrete slips like answering or taking the wrong thing. Mostly interchangeable with 「間違い」, but not in fixed phrases like 「間違いない」.
• SynonymミステイクNeutralLoanword meaning the same as 「ミス」 but rarely used. Say 「ミス」 for a slip and 「間違い」 for an error in everyday speech.
• Related失敗しっぱいNeutralMeans a task not working out or a goal not being reached. 「間違い」 is being at odds with what is right; a mistake does not necessarily make the whole thing a failure.
• Related思い違いおもいちがいNeutralLimited to mistaken beliefs or getting something wrong in one's head, e.g. misremembering a date. 「間違い」 is broader, covering wrong actions and answers too.
• RelatedやりそこないCasualColloquial: failing or botching what you set out to do, focused on the outcome. 「間違い」 is about not matching what is correct, e.g. a wrong answer or belief.
• Related誤謬ごびゅうWrittenWritten word for fallacies, chiefly errors of reasoning in logic or academic argument, as in 「論理的誤謬」. Not used in everyday speech.
• RelatedしくじりCasualColloquial for botching or messing something up, focused on the job going wrong. 「間違い」 leans more to right vs wrong, e.g. answering or remembering wrongly.
• Related遣り損じやりそんじCasualColloquial: a task one fumbles or fails to do well; uncommon. Stresses the failed attempt — daily life says 「失敗」 or 「ミス」.
• RelatedつまずきNeutralLiterally a stumble; figuratively a setback or snag, as in 「人生の躓き」「計算のつまずき」. Stresses being held up; 「間違い」 stresses being out of line with what is right.
• Related仕損じしそんじNeutralFumbling a task so it does not get done; rarely used alone — the verb form survives in the proverb 「急いては事を仕損じる」. Daily speech says 「失敗」.
• Related仕損ないしそこないCasualColloquial word for a job done badly or failing at a task; rare and close to 「仕損じ」. 「失敗」 is what people normally say.
• Antonym正解せいかいNeutralAntonym: the correct answer or right choice; opposed to 「間違い」 in the sense of answering and judging right from wrong.

For everyday mistakes, 「間違い」 is the default. Casual speech favours 「ミス」 for careless slips; writing prefers 「誤り」. Moral wrongdoing is 「過ち」; blameworthy negligence is 「過失」 or 「落ち度」. 「間違え」 swaps in for concrete slips but not fixed phrases; 「失敗」 means a task not working out; 「思い違い」 a mistaken belief; 「手違い」 a procedural mix-up. Formal or special: 「誤謬」 (logic), 「過誤」 (legal, medical), 「錯誤」, 「失策」, 「失態」 (loss of face), 「エラー」 (machines, baseball).

Usage comparisons are AI-assisted and cross-checked by multiple models; for study reference only

1. 本来ほんらいそうすべきことと異ことなることをしてしまったこと。異同いどう。
2. 失敗しっぱい。誤あやまり。
3. 伝達でんたつ時じの誤謬ごびゅうや勘違かんちがい。
4. 倫理的りんりてきにやってはいけないこと。あやまち。