といった
- 1Such as, like: introduces representative examples of the category named by the noun that follows.Ex. 1
- 2Presents quoted or described content as typical of what a following noun such as 意見, 声 or 問題 refers to.Ex. 3
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Used in both writing and polite speech. It is common in explanations, news and essays when giving typical examples of a group, or when summarizing opinions, complaints and issues as typical content of a noun such as 意見 or 声. Unlike a plain list with や, といった places the examples or content before a noun that sums them up.
Note that といった must be followed by a noun; it cannot end the sentence in these meanings.
Do not translate といった here as the simple past "said"; it modifies the following noun and presents examples or typical content.
Learners should make sure that, when giving examples, the listed items really belong to the category noun that follows.
- 1.やN5「や」 only links example nouns and needs no summarizing noun after it, whereas 「といった」 must be followed by a broader noun covering all the examples and can also quote speech to explain content such as 「意見」. The two aren't directly interchangeable but often combine as 「AやBといったC」.
- 2.〜やら〜やらN1「〜やら〜やら」 follows each listed item, attaches to nouns, verbs, and adjectives, and conveys a chaotic jumble of many things or a flood of mixed emotions. 「といった」 is neutral and must be followed by a noun that sums up the examples or explains the quoted content, so the two generally aren't interchangeable.
- 3.だの〜だのN2「だの〜だの」 carries dissatisfaction or irritation, is mostly colloquial, often lists other people's complaints or excuses in pairs followed by 「と言う」 and similar verbs, and can attach to verbs and adjectives. 「といった」 is neutral and must be followed by a noun, so the two generally aren't interchangeable.
- 4.をはじめ / をはじめとするN3「をはじめ」 spotlights the first item as the leading, most representative one and leans formal and written, while 「といった」 simply lists examples evenly, sums them up with a broader noun, is stylistically neutral, and can also quote specific remarks. When used to give examples, the two are sometimes interchangeable.
や simply lists items, while といった adds a summarizing noun, and をはじめ singles out one leading representative example. 〜やら〜やら suggests a jumble of many things, and だの〜だの is colloquial and often complaining, whereas といった neutrally cites typical examples.
