としては
- 1For a (noun), noting that something is unusual or atypical compared with what is normal for that category.Ex. 1
- 2For a (noun), evaluating quality or level against what is normally expected of that category.Ex. 2
- 3As far as (someone) is concerned, stating a view from that person's or group's position or standpoint.Ex. 3
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Neutral in register and common in speech and writing, especially for evaluations and for politely stating one's own position. It differs from として in that は adds a contrastive or topical frame. It is close to にしては, which more strongly signals surprise at a result that defies expectations, and to わりには, which weighs a result against what a degree, amount or category would lead one to expect (値段のわりには, 新人のわりには).
Learners often use にとって to state their own opinion; say 私としては賛成です, not 私にとって賛成です.
Note that in the 'for a ~' sense the following clause is usually an evaluation of how something compares with its category's standard.
- 1.としてN3「として」focuses on acting in a certain role or capacity, or putting something to a certain use or under a certain name; it is followed by actions, obligations, or judgments, and does not evaluate something 'by the standards of that category.' To modify a noun, use 「としての」.
- 2.にしてはN3「にしては」corresponds only to the evaluative-standard sense of 「としては」; with nouns the two are often interchangeable, but 「にしては」carries a stronger sense of surprise. It has no standpoint usage, can also take verbs and adjectives, and its second clause cannot express the speaker's volition.
- 3.〜としてのN2「としての」is the attributive form of 「として」and must be followed directly by a noun, as in 「教師としての責任」; 「としては」presents a standpoint or evaluative standard and is followed by predicates like opinions or evaluations. The two are not interchangeable.
- 4.からすると / からすればN2When expressing a standpoint, 「からすると」is close to 「としては」; it can also indicate the basis for an inference ('judging from...'), which 「としては」cannot. When measuring something against a category's level ('for a...'), 「としては」is more common.
- 5.にとってN3「にとって」takes a second clause that evaluates the significance or value of something for a person or organization (e.g., 「大切だ」「難しい」), and cannot take opinions or attitudes; 「私としては賛成です」cannot be rewritten with it, and it has no usage of measuring by a category's standard.
- 6.〜わりにはN2「わりには」is close to 「としては」only in the evaluative-standard sense, where the two are often interchangeable, but 「わりには」emphasizes a mismatch between reality and expectations. It can take verbs and adjectives, requires 「の」after nouns, and has no standpoint usage.
として simply marks a role or capacity ('as'), and としての links that role to a following noun, whereas としては frames a category standard or a standpoint; にしては and わりには focus more sharply on a gap between a result and what was expected. にとって says how something is for someone (important, difficult, etc.) rather than stating their opinion, and からすると/からすれば gives the basis or viewpoint from which a judgment is made.


